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- A type of syllogism based on probable premises
- A type of deductive reasoning that is based on likely cases
- Used in Logos, to deconstruct the opponents argument |
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| The opportune moment and the fitting response |
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Virtue by bloodline or leadhsip/actions
Merit is inherited |
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- The rational prinicple that governs the univere
- The use of logic in an argument
- The use of argument that shows or seems to show something
-Induction: Examples |
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| A craft or art with reliable principles |
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- A techne for exchanging arguments in order to move from doxa to espiteme
- The use of back and forth answers/questions to come to an absolute truth together |
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- The ability to see the right thing to do in each circumstance
- Practical Wisdom |
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| The Major stages of Hellenistic Curriculum |
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- Technical vocabulary
- Cannons
- Great Orators
- Progynasmata
- Stasis Excerises
- Declamations |
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| Technical Vocabulary of Rhetoric |
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| Ways to label phrases or basic ideas, private tutoring broad based classes. |
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1. Invention
2. Arrangement
3. Style
4. Memory
5. Delivery |
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| 10 attic orators, read and imitate. |
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| A debate tournament, identity openings in an argument and timing |
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| - preliminary exercises, order of things taught |
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1. Praise the Speaker
2. Pharaphrase the statement
3. Cause
4. Contrary
5. Comparison
6. Example
7. Testimony
8. Epilogue |
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| Prepared speeches with specified scenarios |
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- Conjecture
- Definition
- Must resolve one before moving on
- Quality
- Objection
- Prepares for anything
- Argument as movement until blocked
- More social then logical |
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o Form a consideration of motive (of the accused)
o Form a consideration of character (of the accused)
o Form a consideration of the act itself (of the signs pointing to the accused) |
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| Murder, Theft, Treason etc |
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- Pleas of justification (no wrong admitted)
- Counter proposition (wrong admitted, but…)
o Counterplea (claim of benefit rendered)
o Counterchange (The one harmed deserved it)
o Shifting of blame to a person or circumstance capapable of liability
o Shifting of blame to a person or circumstance incapable of liability
o Plea for leniency |
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| #1 Line of Aristotle's Arguments and Example |
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- See if something that is true of one element of a pair is also true of the other element
EX: If it is not shameful to sell something then it is not shameful to buy it |
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| #2 of Aristotle's Arguments and Example |
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If something is the case for a less event, person or thing -> it is no less the case for a greater event, person, or thing
EX: It is no worse a thing to kill your brothers killer then your best friends killer -> both your brother and best friend are a great loss |
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| #3 of Aristotle's Arguments and Example |
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Turning an accusers words against oneself -> back against the accuser
EX: How can you fault me for not giving to charity if you yourself hardly give anything? |
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The presentation of the character
- Phronesis, an understanding of general rules, experience in good balance, often middle-aged |
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The arousal of emotions in the audience
-Puts audience in the right frame of mind to make a good decision |
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| Epideictic Oratory is for: |
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| Spectators (jury at a contest) |
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| Epideictic Oratory Discusses: |
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| Epideictic Oratory uses Means of: |
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| Forensic Oratory Discusses: |
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| Forensic Oratory uses means: |
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| Deliberative Oratory is for: |
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| Assembly of decisions makers |
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| Deliberative Oratory Discusses: |
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| Deliberative Oratory is means: |
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| persuasion and discussion |
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| Deliberative Oratory Ends: |
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| Advantageous or Disadvantageous |
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| List and explain Aristotle’s two important definitions of rhetoric. |
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1. The faculty of observing in any given case the available means of persuasion
- Kairos
2. Rhetoric is the counterpart to dialectic
- dialectic deals with general questions while rhetoric deals with specific questions, content over methods, this helps us make decisions. |
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| List and Describe the topics |
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- Attributes of the person: what type of person is this and what type of evidence can I think of to figure out the person?
- Attributes of the Act: what can we figure out about the act
-Topics coherent with the act: what is the motive for this action?
- Topics involved in the performance of the act: where were you on the night of...? Could you have had time to commit the crime?
- Adjuncts of the act: if you committed this crime, what would have happened?
- Consequence: what are the public reactions to the act? |
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| Describe Weak Defense of rhetoric |
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| Weak: instrumental defense, it pigeonholes rhetoric in to a specific box that can’t change. |
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| Describe Strong Defense of Rhetoric |
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| Strong: It is more fluid and has more room for change and open thinking, “…medium in which social interaction is generated.” |
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| Four Reasons Gorgias Uses to Defend Helen |
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1. It was the fate of the gods
2. She was wrongfully assaulted and forced
3. She was tricked by words of persuasion
4. She was overcome by Love (with Paris of Troy) |
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| Explain Plato's Cookery Analogy |
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| The cookery analogy describes cookery versus medicine when it comes to the body. He describes that with cookery you can feel like you are better getting (chicken soup) but with medicine you are actually getting better, healthier. And here Plato is claiming that cookery is like rhetoric that it is a form of flattery, you think you have knowledge and are bettering the public but you really aren’t you are merely trying to persuade them into a belief or simply just speaking without purpose. |
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| Describe and explain Plato’s understanding of techne in relation to rhetoric. |
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| Plato denied techne to anything that cannot deliver an account of how it functions. |
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| Describe the Main Duties of a Consul |
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| Chief magistrates and commanders in chief. They acted as the Presidents of the time and had to share their ruling with one other person in order to avoid dictatorship. Often nobility and wealthy |
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| Distinguish the Difference between Senate and Tribunes |
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| The Senates duty was to give advise to the magistrates and were often former consuls. The Tribunes duty was to protect the plebs from the magistrates. |
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| Describe the Focus of On the Sublime |
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- "Sublimity flashes forth at the right moment scatters everything like a thunderbolt and at once displays the power of the orator in all its plentitude."
- Great thoughts
- Strong emotions
- Certain figures of thought and speech
- Noble Diction
- Dignified word arrangement |
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