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based on traditional stories (oral)
favors poetry (epic, lyric...)
favors supernatural
lacks clear timeline |
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based on inquiry + research (written)
favors prose
favors rational explanations
has a clear timeline |
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Greek c. 480-c.420 BCE
includes mythological stories of Io, Europa, Medea, Helen in accounts of Persian Wars |
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| History of the Peloponnesian War by Thucydides |
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after invention of history
plays that combine dramatic action with song & dance
playwriting=competitve |
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annual festival in honor of Dinoysus, god of wine.
plays performed: tragedies & comedies |
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Aeschylus c. 525-426 BCE
Sophocles c. 496-406 BCE
Euripides c. 480-406 BCE |
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| wealthy citizen who paid for singers, dancers, musicians & costumes (dionysia) |
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Greek c. 480-406 BCE
Story of Herakles off on last of 12 trials, comes back and Lycus sentenced his dad, wife, and children to burn. He comes to save them only to kill his children & wife thanks to Hera (Iris & Madness). Theseus convinces him out of suicide |
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pursuit of knowledge about nature & humanity
philo= greek philia, love
sophy= greek sophia, wisdom
about:
The Natural world, the Human world, the Rational world |
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Father of Philosophy
c. 469-399 BCE
sentenced to death for philosophical views which posed danger to people in power
highest value on wisdom&virtue |
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Wisdom
Courage
Moderation
Justice |
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student of socrates
founded school of philosophy The Academy
wrote philosophical dialogues (all talk, no action. read not performed) |
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the host
tragic playwright
just won his first prize for first entry in festival of Dionysus
eros is happiest, youngest, most delicate, most beautiful god & partakes in socratic values |
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Eros drives lover and beloved to virtue
love came after chaos, one of the oldest
no parents |
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Aphrodite Uranian (heavenly)- good, only men
Aphrodite Pandemus (common to all people)-bad, should be against the law
Pausanius + Agathon= long term honorable committed relationship
compels lover + beloved to virtue |
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Medicine- repletion & deletion of body
Music- rhythm & harmony
Divination- justice & piety
gifts of eros=happiness, good fortune, bonds of society, harmony with the gods |
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People used to be two parts- female, male, or androgynous combo
Zeus split them up with help of Apollo
Eros= desire & pursuit of the whole |
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c.750-323 BCE
Home: Athens
birth of democratic govt
first great philosophers: socrates, plato, aristotle |
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Epic, lyric, comic, tragic poetry;
historiography; philosophical dialogue |
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323-32 BCE
extends greek culture to rest of Mediterranean world
new forms of poetry,schools of philosophy, religious movements, advances in art architecture science medicine |
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Macedonian King
Conquered Med. world
founded Alexandria at mouth of Nile R.
After death, generals split up empire into several kingdoms |
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| The Ptolemies in Egypt (Ptolemaic Dynasty) |
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most powerful of ATG's successor kingdoms
capital was Alexandria
last was Cleopatra VII |
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| Hellenistic/Alexandrian poetry |
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short
described everyday life of ordinary people
alternative to epic and tragedy |
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Theocritus's Idylls
idealizes life of herdsmen
virtuous men living simple life untouched by city |
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| Iddyl (eidyllion=little picture) 11 |
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Cyclops Polyphemus & Galateia
pastoral world- he's a shepherd
cyclops gentle, civilized, plays Syrinx associated with shepherd god Pan
composes poetry, sings songs |
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Livius Andronious c. 280-200BCE, earliest roman poet
death of marcus aurelius 180ce |
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| Philosophical Schools of the Hellenistic Period |
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Epicureanism (EPICURIUS), Stoicism (ZENO), Cynicism(DIOGENES)
all rejected vice of wealth & power and embraced socratic values of wisdom & virtue |
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roman, epicureanism
c. 94-55 BCE
"On the Workings of the Universe" |
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| Fundamental Tenets of Epicureanism |
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atomism
gods exist but no care for humans
good human life=seeking pleasure (absence of pain), avoiding pain |
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| On the workings of the Universe by Lucretius |
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invocation of venus
seeks to dispel false ideas about gods
attributes much of human suffering to false religious beliefs
seeks rational explanations for development of religion
shows inability of Hellenistic philosophy to completely escape mythology |
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509-27 BCE
res publica= public affairs
democracy
stretched much of Med. world |
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27 BCE
ruled by single leading citizen, princeps aka emperor
first= August Ceasar |
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Aeneid
member of literary circle around augustus |
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roman 43-18 BCE
egeliac/epistolary poem
penelope to ulysses |
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| Tale of Cupid & Psyche by Apuleius |
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Roman c. 125-170 CE
Lucius(turned into ass) & Charite trapped by thieves
Old servant woman tells them story of C&P
Psyche is envied by family and Venus
Cupid saves & marries her
she does 4 tasks |
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imitation for comic effect
par(para)-alongside
ody(ode)-song
counter-song, playful imitation
against serious grain of original |
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