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Classical Era
Notes about the Classical Era and its main composers
40
Music
Undergraduate 1
10/08/2014

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Cards

Term
Years the Classical Era flourished
Definition
about 1770-1820
Term
Main composers
Definition

Joseph Haydn

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

Ludwig van Beethoven

Term

Which years did Haydn live during and how old was he when he died?

 

Definition
Lived from 1732-1809; died at age 77
Term
Which years did Mozart live and how old was he when he died?
Definition
Lived from 1756-1791; died at 35
Term
Which years did Beethoven live and how old was he when he died?
Definition
Lived from 1770-1827; died at age 57
Term
Classical orchestras were composed of what instruments?
Definition

Strings: 1st biolins, 2nd violins, violas, cellos, double basses

Woodwinds: 2 flutes, 2 clarinets, 2 oboes, 2 bassoons

Brass: 2 French horns, 2 trumpets

Percussion: 2 timpani

Term
What was the impact on the music from Haydn and Mozart's friendship?
Definition
They each influenced the other's music
Term
Why did Beethoven travel to Vienna at 6?
Definition
To play for Mozart
Term
Why did Mozart return to Vienna at 22?
Definition
To study with Haydn
Term
What main sections does sonata-form musc consist of?
Definition

1. Exposition (themes are presented)

2. Development (themes are treated in new ways)

3.Recapitulation (themes return and are reviewed)

Term
Coda is Latin for what?
Definition
Tail
Term
How many compositions came from Mozart?
Definition
Over 600
Term
Who cataloged Mozart's music and why are there "K" numbers?
Definition
They were cataloged chronologically by Ludwig von Köchel
Term
What is a symphony and how long does it typically last?
Definition
An extended, ambitious composition typically lasting between 20-45 minutes, exploiting and expanding the range of tone color and dynamics of the classical orchestra.
Term
How many movements do symphonies consist of?
Definition
4
Term
What are the movements in a symphony?
Definition

1. Vigorous, dramatc fast movement

2. Lyrical slow movement

3. Dancelike (minuet or scherzo)

4. Brilliant or heroic fast movement

Term
Who were the greatest masters of the classical concerto?
Definition
Mozart and Beethoven
Term
What is Mozart and Beethoven's favored solo instrument?
Definition
Piano
Term
What are the movements of a Concerto?
Definition

1. Fast

2. Slow

3. Fast

(NO MINUET OR SCHERZO)

Term
Cadenza is Latin for what?
Definition
Cadence
Term
What movement is a cadenza put into a concerto?
Definition
Usually the first and sometimes the third
Term
At what age did Haydn's life perminantely change for the better?
Definition
29 (1761)
Term
How did Haydn's life change?
Definition
He began working for the Esterházys(the richest and most powerful Hungarian noble family) for almost 30 years as a highly skilled servent
Term
What was Haydn's role in his life as a highly skilled servent?
Definition
Compose all the music requested by his patron, conduct the orchestra, coach singers, and oversee the instruments and music library
Term
How many concerts and operas were performed weekly along with daily chamber music?
Definition
2 operas and 2 concerts weekly
Term
How many symphonies and string quartets did Haydn compose?
Definition
104 symphonies and 64 string quartets
Term
Why did Mozart compose his Requiem?
Definition
He was commissioned by a stranger
Term
What was Mozart's belief of the Requiem?
Definition
He believed it was for himself and rushed to finish it while he was on his deathbed
Term
What did Mozart die of?
Definition
Rheumatic fever
Term
Was the Requiem finished before Mozart died?
Definition
No, but his friend and pupil, Franz Süssmayer, finished it.
Term
Description of Don Giovanni(Don Juan)
Definition
A unique blend of comic and serious opera, combining seduction and slapstick with violence and the supernatural
Term
Overview of Mozart's Don Giovanni
Definition
An extremely seductive but ruthless nobleman who will stop at nothing to satisfy his sexual appetite
Term
At what age did Beethoven feel the first symptoms of deafness?
Definition
29
Term
What coincided with an important change in Beethoven's musical style?
Definition
Victory over the despair of going deaf
Term
What did Beethoven's works have after his emotional crisis they had lacked before?
Definition
A newer sense of power and heroism
Term
What year did Beethoven compose the Third Symphony and what is this symphony also known as?
Definition
1803; the Eroica
Term
What was the original name for Beethoven's Third Symphony?
Definition
Bonaparte, a dedication to Napoleon
Term
Why did Beethoven not name the Third Symphony Bonaparte?
Definition
Napoleon had proclaimed himself emperor of the French
Term
Beethoven was the first in musical history to do what?
Definition
Bridge the classical and romantic eras
Term
What are Beethoven's most popular works and how large of an orchestra were they written for?
Definition
The nine symphonies were written for orchestras larger than Haydn's or Mozart's
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