A learning situation in which a certain stimulus brings forth a response that it did not previously evoke.

S --> R

a) a learned agent that causes UCR (unconditioned response).

[natural stimulus/response]

a) response that normally occurs w/out any learning.

a) originally ineffective stimulus conditioned to be one.

[learned stimulus]

a) a new/acquired elicited by a stimulus not originally capable of arousing it.

[learned response] 

 a) stimulus that doesn't promote a desired response.

[ex. the bell in Pavlov's experiment before it became a CS]

conditioning the same stimulus to a different response, to eliminate undesirable behavior.

criticisms: treats the symptoms but not the underlying cause.

(1) Rest period after extinction.

(2) CS again presented with appearance of CR

(1) Presenting the UCS immediately after the CS.

(2)Intermittent Reinforcement.

(a) presentation of reinforcement not on every CS but at intervals

(b) has a longer lasting effect than 100% reinforcement. 

Many Stimuli:

a conditioned response to stimuli that is similar to the conditioned stimuli.

(a) the greater the similarity between the 2 stimuli the greater the generalization.

One Stimulus:

Tendency to respond to a particular stimuli in one way & to respond to similar stimuli in another.

a) established by reinforcing the desired response but withhold for generalized responses.