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| a set of view about the relationship between mind and matter, mental phenomena is non-physical |
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| any view appealing to reason as a source of knowledge or justification |
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| branch of philosophies that studies the nature, limitations, and validity of knowledge and belief |
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| a philosophical term that stresses the impossibility to prove any certain truth even in logic and mathematics |
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| branch of philosophy that investigates principles of reality transcending those of science, including cosmology and ontology |
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| the study of being or existence forming the basic subject matter of metaphysics |
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| Nicolaus Copernicus published: |
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| De Revolutionibus Orbium Colestium(On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres) |
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| Andreas Vesailus published: |
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| De Humani Corporis Fabrica(On the Fabric of the Human Body) |
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| earth in center of universe, Aristotelian theory(about elements), Galenic treatment(blood circulation theories) |
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| Anslem of Cantebury proposed in 12th century the: |
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| Ontological argument for the existence of god... if we can conceive of god, then god exists. |
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| Descartes Ontological Assertion: |
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| I exist, idea of perfect being, imperfect beings can create the concept of perfection, concept must have come from a god, to be perfect god must exist, God exists. 6 steps |
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| Descartes' Second Ontological Argument: |
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| I exist, this must come from either myself, my always having existed, my parents, something less perfect than god, god. Ends up with god |
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| must prove through priori, the contradiction makes inconceivable, its not conceivable to imagine anything not existing, nothing can be proven to exist, therefore god cannot |
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Casual Adaquacy Principle:
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philosophical claim that the cause of an object must be itself.
Lucretious' theory |
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| nothing comes from nothing |
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| La Havie en Touraine, France |
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| Descartes' family and upbringing: |
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| Mother died tb, father was a judge in French High Court of Justice, had money, most exclusive schools |
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| entered the Jesuit College Royale at La Fleche, studied mathematics; meditations brought realization to bring together the absolutes of math with philosophy |
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| studied law at the University of Potier, graduated with degree in 1616 |
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| Descartes in 1618(age 22): |
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| became a mercenary in the Service of Maurice of Nassay, the leader of the Province of Netherlands |
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| Descartes was influenced by: |
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| Isaac Beekman, a Dutch mathematician |
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| fully turned to the study of philosophy, optics, and mathematics while in France and Italy |
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| all his property, began to live in Netherlands. It was there that he rejected the method of Scholasticism and established that true philosophy connected to methods of geometry and arithmetic |
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| comparitive theories based on the arguments of philosophies of the past |
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| developed a mathematical explanation of universe based on Galileo's theories |
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| developed heliocentric theories with telescope, condemned by Catholic Church |
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| In 1637 Descartes published: |
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| Essais Philosophiques(Philosophical Essays) first major philosophical work |
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| Essais Philosophiques four parts: |
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Geometry-defining mathematical def. of existence
Optics-the appear. of material forms to eyes
Meteors- def. of mathematical concept of universe
Methods-the scientific methods needed to understand philosophy |
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