Term
| How are tissues categorized? |
|
Definition
| based on the type and number of cells. and the type and amount of intercellular substances and fluid. |
|
|
Term
| Classification of Basic Tissues? (4) |
|
Definition
- Epithelium
- Connective Tissue
- Muscle
- Nerve |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Composed of closely packed sheets of cells |
|
|
Term
| what surfaces does epithelium cover? |
|
Definition
| covers external surfaces, lines the internal surfaces and makes up glands and lining of vessels. |
|
|
Term
| what functions is epithelium involved in? |
|
Definition
| Absorption, secretion, and sensory functions |
|
|
Term
| what protective functions do epithelial cells have>? |
|
Definition
| physical, chemical and microbial |
|
|
Term
| what protective functions do epithelial cells have>? |
|
Definition
| physical, chemical and microbial |
|
|
Term
| What layers is Epithelium derived from? |
|
Definition
| all 3 layers (ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm) |
|
|
Term
| Epithelial tissue is highly regenerative, how is it renewed? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what happens to the epithelial cells as they move towards the surface? |
|
Definition
| they mature (cellular differentiation) |
|
|
Term
| how do cells connect to other epithelial cells? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how does connective tissue connect to the basement membrane? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the two classifications of the number of layers in epithelial tissue? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the 5 different shapes that can make up epithelial tissue? |
|
Definition
- Squamous
- Cuboidal
- Columnar
- Transitional
- Pseudostratified |
|
|
Term
| what will determine the classification?** |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is a single layer of flat cells called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is a multilayer flat celled tissue called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is a single layer of cube shaped cells called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is a single layer of rodlike cells with the nucleus at the bottom called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is it called when the rodlike cells have their necleus at both the top and bottom on every other cell, also with Cilia on the surface of the tissue? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what classification is the tissue when there are several different types of epithelial cells all smooshed together in multiple layers? |
|
Definition
| Transitional relaxed epithelium |
|
|
Term
| what classification is the tissue when there are several different types of epithelial cells all smooshed together in multiple layers that has been STRETCHED flat? |
|
Definition
| Transitional Stretched Epithelium |
|
|
Term
| where does simple Squamous Endothelial tissue line the body? |
|
Definition
| lines heart, blood and lymph vessels |
|
|
Term
| where does simple Squamous Mesothelial tissue line the body? |
|
Definition
| Lines pleural, pericardial and peritoneal cavities |
|
|
Term
| where does simple Cuboital tissue line the body? |
|
Definition
| Kidney, glands, and respiratory passages |
|
|
Term
| where does simple Columnar tissue line the body? |
|
Definition
| Most glands, small intestines, respiratory passages |
|
|
Term
| where does simple Pseudostratified tissue line the body? |
|
Definition
| Respiratory passages, male reproductive organs |
|
|
Term
| where does stratified Squamous tissue line the body? |
|
Definition
| covering of the body, mouth, Pharynx, Vagina, Oropharynx, Larynx, ducts of large glands |
|
|
Term
| where does stratified Columnar tissue line the body? |
|
Definition
| covering of the body, mouth, Pharynx, Vagina, Oropharynx, Larynx, ducts of large glands |
|
|
Term
| where does stratified Transitional tissue line the body? |
|
Definition
| Urinary passages and Bladder. |
|
|
Term
| what is the most abundant epithelium in the body? |
|
Definition
| Stratified Squamous Epithelium |
|
|
Term
| what kind of epithelium are the superficial layers? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what kind of epithelial are the deeper layers? |
|
Definition
| mostly vary from cuboital to polyhedral |
|
|
Term
| what are the extensions of epithelium into the connective tissue called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where do epithelial cells renew from? |
|
Definition
| the basement membrane, cells migrate and mature to the surface. |
|
|
Term
| what are most Glands comprised of? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Basal cells migrate into the connective tissue instead of to the surface. |
|
|
Term
| what type of gland stays attached by a tube of epithelium? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what type of gland will lose the tube attachment? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| they specialize in secretion. |
|
|
Term
| what is the most abundant type of tissue in the body? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the relation between cells in connective tissue? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where does connective tissue derive from? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the most common connective tissue cell? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Is connective tissue Vascularized? |
|
Definition
| yes, except for cartilage |
|
|
Term
| what are the components of connective tissue? |
|
Definition
| cells, ground substance, blood vessels, nerves, lymph vessels, Fibers |
|
|
Term
| what are the types of cells that can be found in connective tissue? |
|
Definition
| Fibroblasts, mesenchymal cells, Adipocytes and WBCs |
|
|
Term
| what is so unique about mesenchymal cells? |
|
Definition
| they can become any type of cell that is needed (like stem cells) |
|
|
Term
| what is the ground substance? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the 3 types of fibers in connective tissue? |
|
Definition
- Collagen fibers (thick)
- Elastic Fibers (give stretch, Med. thickness)
- Reticular Fibers( composed of proteins, thin branches) |
|
|
Term
| what are the 4 classifications of Connective Tissue? |
|
Definition
- Solid Soft (loose, Dense, or Specialized)
- Solid Firm
- Solid Rigid
- Fluid |
|
|
Term
| what is the connective tissue Proper? |
|
Definition
| It is deep to the epithelium and contains both Loose and Dense connective Tissue. |
|
|
Term
| In the skin what is the connective tissue Proper termed? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In the mouths oral mucosa what is the connective tissue proper termed? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the 3 layers of the skin? |
|
Definition
Epidermis
Dermis
Hypodermis |
|
|
Term
| what is the hypodermis called in the oral mucosa? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is in the Hypodermis layer? |
|
Definition
| Loose CT, Adipose tissue, glands, blood vessels, and nerves |
|
|
Term
| what lyes under the hypodermis? |
|
Definition
| Either- bone, muscle, or cartilage. |
|
|
Term
| what is the Loose connective tissue? |
|
Definition
| the superficial layer of the dermis or lamina propria. |
|
|
Term
| what is another name for the loose connective tissue? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| lots of blood vessels to nourish the epithelial cells, a loose arrangement of fibers, cells, intercellular substances and fluid. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tightly packed, mostly fibers giving the tissue strength. |
|
|
Term
| what types of fibers can make up the Dense CT? |
|
Definition
| can be irregular or regularly arranged. |
|
|
Term
| what are the 3 types of Specialized CT? |
|
Definition
Adipose
Elastic CT
Reticular CT |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| combines strength with elasticity. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| network of interwoven fibers forming a supportive framework for blood vessels and internal organs. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is firm, non-calcified supporting tissue. |
|
|
Term
| what does cartilage form in the embryo? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-serves as structural support for some soft tissues
-cushions between bones |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| depends on surrounding CT for nourishment |
|
|
Term
| are there any nerves in Cartilage? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what will Meckels cartilage form? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is cartilage made up of? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is in the matrix that helps make up Cartilage? |
|
Definition
| fibers and intercellular substances. |
|
|
Term
| what cells are included in the make up of cartilage? |
|
Definition
| chondroblasts and chondrocytes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the blood rich CT that surrounds cartilage. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| they are internal to the perichondrium and they secrete cartilage matrix for appositional growth. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is located in the lacuna and secretes matrix. |
|
|
Term
| what kind of grow is produced by Chondrocyte daughter cells? |
|
Definition
| Interstitial growth, allowing for expansion of tissues |
|
|
Term
| what are the 3 types of Cartilage? |
|
Definition
Fibrocartilage
Elastic Cartilage
Hyaline Cartilage |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| contains lots of collagen fibers and are enclosed in capsules of matrix and is found between vertebrae and TMJ |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Contains lots of elastic fibers as well as collagen and is found in the external ear, epiglottis, and larynx |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Contains only collagen fibers and is found in embryonic skeleton and growth centers and trachea |
|
|
Term
| is the repairing of cartilage fast? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what happens to cartilage as it ages? |
|
Definition
| it becomes less cellular, has more firm fibers, calcification may form, becomes hard and brittle, loses flexibility |
|
|
Term
| what kind of tissue is BOne? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the functions of bone? |
|
Definition
| to provide protection and structural support to soft tissue. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-aids in movement
-Manufactures blood cells
- serves as a storehouse for calcium and other minerals |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the outer covering of bone |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is made up of a dense CT layer that contains blood vessels and nerves and layer that contains osteoblasts. |
|
|
Term
| what is the layer of bone under the Periosteum? |
|
Definition
| compact bone and a layer of cancellous bone |
|
|
Term
| what is inside the cancellous bone? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the innermost portion of the bone? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the mineralization percentages of bone? |
|
Definition
| 50% mineralized and 50% organic |
|
|
Term
| what type of minerals are in the Mineralized portion of the bone? |
|
Definition
| mainly Calcium Hydroxyapatite crystals along with some magnesium, potassium and fluoride. |
|
|
Term
| what is the organic portion of the bone? |
|
Definition
| mainly collagen fibers and intercellular substances |
|
|
Term
| What is the basic beginning of bone formation? |
|
Definition
| Primitive mesenchymal cells differentiate into osteoblasts in the periosteum. Osteoblasts secrete osteoid. Mature Osteoblasts are called Osteocytes that are surrounded by bone. |
|
|
Term
| how do Osteocytes (in the Lacunae) communicate with Other Osteocytes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| are tubular canals in which cytoplasmic extensions of the osteocytes are located. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the sheets made by bone matrix. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| are lamellae that form cylinders |
|
|
Term
| where would Osteons formed? |
|
Definition
| around a soft tissue space that contains blood vessels, nerves, and is lined with endosteum. |
|
|
Term
| how many Lamellae are with in an osteon? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where are osteocytes in the Lacanae located in the bone? |
|
Definition
| within and between the lamellae. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| serve as nutrient canals in the bone, they run vertically through the bone. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| perpendicular to Haversian canals, serve as nutrient canals and they run Horizontal through the bone. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is located between the trabeculae ? |
|
Definition
| soft tissue spaces with blood vessels and nerves . |
|
|
Term
| what are the two methods of bone development? |
|
Definition
| Intermembranous and endochondral |
|
|
Term
| intramemnranous ossification is what? |
|
Definition
| formation of osteoid between 2 dense sheets of connective tissue sheets. appositional growth. |
|
|
Term
| what kind of bones are normally formed by intramembranous ossification? |
|
Definition
| flat bones and the clavicle, Maxilla and most of the mandible are also formed this way. |
|
|
Term
| what is Endochondral Ossification? |
|
Definition
| Formation of osteoid within hyaline cartilage |
|
|
Term
| what happens in Endochondral Ossification? |
|
Definition
| Osteoblasts penetrate cartilage, form ossification centers and form osteoid toward the ends of bone during prenatal development. After birth, the secondary ossification centers form. This allows for interstitial grown of bones. |
|
|
Term
| what kind of bones normally form from Endochondral ossification? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the first bone produces, Lamellae are indistinct, irregular arrangement of collagen fibers and Lamellae |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| well organized arrangement of collagen fibers and lamellae. |
|
|
Term
| what does bone repairing depend mostly on? |
|
Definition
| adequate blood supply, Active osteoblasts in the periosteum, and adequate mineral and vitamin levels |
|
|
Term
| when does bone remodeling occur? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| resorb bone, break down bone |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Large, multinucleated cells found on the surface of none in shallow pits called Hawship's Lacuna. |
|
|
Term
| when does Localized Resorption occur? |
|
Definition
| results of infection, stress, or pressure. |
|
|
Term
| when does Generalized Resorption occur? |
|
Definition
| occurs throughout the body to maintain calcium and phosphate levels of the blood. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| resorption by osteoclasts. |
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