387-371 B.C.

 - gave Persia control of Ionia and protected its western borders by banning multicity alliances except Sparta's Peloponnesian League

- Banned the alliances that guaranteed Sparta's power within Greece

- Athens kept its rebuilt walls and fleet

- Thebes’ Boetian League was dissolved under the peace

375 B.C.

Athens' push for all Greek cities be committed to the King's Peace

In 371, Athens recalled all cities to sign the Common Peace, and every single polis signed except for Epaminodas

large, loose federations around the northern and western areas of mainland Greece.

Were large in populations, had rich, natural resources and powerful aristocracies.

Some of these included Thessaly, Aetolia, Macedon and Epirus

Received control of most of Thessaly in the 370s BC.

Thought to be a tyrant, but his power was fragile. He would be killed in 370 and Thessaly broke apart.

Sacred Band

successor and son of Dionysus I, lacked his father's drive and political skills. Dionysus fought another bloody and inconclusive war against Carthage in the 350s.

a sculptor during the late 5th century, early 4th century. used new forms, development of the S-curve, gave marble fluidity. most famous for making female nudes acceptable. (Nude Aphrodite of Cnidus c. 350)

may have sculpted Hermes and Dionysus 340s.

style of columns developed in the 4th century.

Wrapped leaves and sprials

earliest example: Temple of Apollo at Bassae

one of the Seven Wonders of the World

Greek aristocrat and satrap of Halicarnassus, Mausolus, hired a Greek craftsment to build the biggest tomb.

combined massive base over life-sized sculpture.

Temple-like second tier, steep roof and bronze four-house chariot.

significance: earlier times great architecture was for the gods, now it was for both.

a Greek city on west coast of Asia Minor

most advanced city of this time period, huge temple, enormous stoa and agora, council chambers and public offices, huge theater and gymnasium

philosopher from the 4th c., devoted follower of Socrates and then committed his life to publishing his works after his death. Wrote The Republic and founded the Academy, a philosophical school.

Developed the Theory of Forms.

most famous of Plato's students, he systemized his philosophy.

argued that our understanding must not go beyond sense impressions, said the sensual world is real not illusory

the study of ends

Aristotle said that the true cause or explanation of change lay in its end or purpose

key to Aristotle's thought

"good" behaviour follows the mean between extremes which constitutes "bad" behaviour

the Persian custom of how they greeted eachother.

Equals greeted on the lips.

A superior gave a slight suborindinate a kiss on the cheek

if a man of great superiority entered the room, the men would throw themselves to the ground

the strongest king in the area of the Hindu Kush in India, 4th century B.C.

Ptolemy I

the greatest goddess of the 3rd century BC

Goddess of luck/fortune/prosperity in the city.

"doers of good deeds"

rich benefactors who funded the food supplies, fixed public buildings, acted out of concern for the citizens.

Boulagoras was a euergetist

King of Epirus.

Helped Taras against Rome

very arrogant, and very bad at decision-making

(Carthage, Macedonia, Epirus)

Athenian poet from the Hellenistic era with the only surviving works, Dyksolos.

wrote in the genre: New Comedy

a huge building built in Pergamum by King Eumenes II.

broad stairway that led to an Ionic collanade with double doors that opened up

friezes that narrate the battle between the Greeks and the giants

a sculpture that evokes Praxitales Aphrodite of Cnidus.

features included gentle s-curves and a serene late classical face, he changed the proportions to make her waist higher and left it poised to add eroticism

huge, shady colonnaded porch, or stoa below the theatre

typical to most Hellenistic cities

insist that happiness was the goal of life

divulge in two kinds of pleasure:

1. positive pleasure such as music, sex or food

2. negative pleasure such as complete avoidance of pain

the latter is preferable than the first

Stoics ignore pleasure and suffering

rejected Epicurus' theory that chance combines atoms to explain the world's properties

logos permeates create - same as fate

although logos determines everything, humans are free and morally responsible.

By allowing logos to rule your life, you align yourself with the intelligence that rules the universe

that choice made in agreement with reason constitutes virtue

the father of medicine

believed that a physicians main task was to establish a prognosis (foretelling) of a disease's course by comparing it to similiar sicknesses

our best source of medical information

collected all available medical knowledge in an encyclopedia over 600 years of Greco-Roman thinking in health.

most interested in diseases

many of his conclusions were wrong

adopted the theory of the humors or "liquids"

gathered all the knowledge that was known about geometry and published it in Elements

used the deductive system, arguing first from principles to conclusions and applied it to unproven statements

astronomer that summarized earlier scholars and added improvements in The Algamest

argued that the spherical earth is the center of the universe and does not move

the sun, the moon and the planets orbit around the earth

erected and maintained public buildings.

essential public contractors

a soldier in the Roman army who wanted to be commander, but was not given the position.

Marius vs. Sulla