Term
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Definition
Mythos =less factual, stor, untruth logos= more scientific, statement, truth |
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Term
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Definition
- The study of myths
- A set of myths (from a particular culture)
- A type of non-historical traditional tale
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Term
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Definition
| Semi-historical traditional tale |
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Term
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Definition
| Simple tale of adventure, intrigue, and ingenuity, often with supernatural component |
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Term
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Definition
- Tale = narrative w/ dramatic structure (beginning, middle, end) + climax
- Traditional = from traditional societies (non-literate)
- Myths must be good enough to become traditional, worth memorizing, and passing down
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Term
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Definition
- narrative force/charm
- functional relevance to some important aspect of life (beyong entertainment
- explains important custom/phenomenon
- palliates(makes easier to accept) social dilemmas
- records/establishes useful institution
- expresses emotion nec. to indiv
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Term
| Types of People Examining Global Themes of Myth |
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Definition
- Historians of Religion
- Antirationalists
- allegoricists
- psychologists (Freud, Jung)
3. Anthropologists -mythopoeicists (levi-bruhl, biblical scholars) -structuralists (levi-strauss)
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Term
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Definition
- religious leaders/hierarchy
- elders
- parents
- rich/powerful
- crowd
- storytellers
- ruling body
- adult males
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Term
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Definition
- entertainment
- communication
- instruction
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Term
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Definition
- cosmogony (birth of universe)
- theogony (birth of gods)
- metamorphosis (transformation into something)
- aetiology (explain origins)
- hero stories
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Term
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Definition
- Cambridge School
- French sociologists
- Myth = closely dependent on ritual
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Term
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Definition
- myth = allegory of nature/meteorological events
- myth as primitive science
- religious/magical vs. scientific explanation
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Term
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Definition
- dream symbols
- myth<-->dreams
- myth as waking person's attempt to systematize incoherent visions/impulses of sleep world
- Wish fulfillment
- imagination of children, neurotics, prim. tribes
- Oedipus complex
- Son kils father to be with mother (extreme)
- Guilt + sin
- God as father to be appeased
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Term
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Definition
- myth as projection of the collective unconscious of the race
- unconscious symbols upon which society is based
- symbols as categorization of roles
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Term
| Anthropologists: Lucien Levi-Bruhl |
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Definition
- later dismisses own ideas
- Mythopoeic thinking: attempt to interact with sentient world, not to try to explain it
- expressive, poetic, and mystical
- active participation w/ phenomena
- anti-empirical
- The thinking before there was empirical, rational thinking
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Term
| Anthropologists: Claude Levi-Strauss |
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Definition
- Myth like languade
- meaning from relationship between elements
- similar relationships outside myth
- paired oppositions
- myth as logical model mediating between opposites
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Term
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Definition
- Levi-Strauss
- take everything into account
- not just indiv. elements
- comprehensiveness
- credited creators of myth with intellect, rationality
Weaknesses with structuralism: -can't see indiv. element -not always an opposite thing -does not see myth as story |
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Term
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Definition
- Helikon - muses
- Olympus - gods
- Parnassus - Apollo (and muses)
- Ossa and Pelion - giants
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Term
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Definition
- claimed to be visited/inspired by muses
- Always starts and ends with address to muses
- channeling muses through himself
- ecstatic; out of body, god would come into body, act through you
- Homer + Hesiod derived from oral, put to word (Apollonius and Virgil just wrote)
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Term
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Definition
- Zeus + Mnemosyne (Memory)
- sleeps w/her for 9 nights, gets 9 daughters
- Calliope (epic)
- Clio (history)
- Erato (lyric poetry)
- Euterpe (pipe/flute)
- Melpomene (tragedy)
- Polyphymnia (mime)
- Terpsichore (dance and light verse)
- Thalia (comedy)
- Urania (astronomy)
- 9 arts, covered by the muses, all require memorization
- Memory was crucial for oral poets, memorzed thousands of lines, thought muses helped them
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Term
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Definition
- family tree in verse
- 2 families over 3 generations
- monotony vs. digressions
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Term
| Spontaneous emergence of 4 divine entities |
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Definition
- Chaos (chasm)
- Earth (Gaia)
- Tartara (underworld)
- Ero (terrible, dissolver of flesh)
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Term
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Definition
- Heaven (ouranos) + Earth (Gaia)
- Kronos and Rhea
- Zeus and... pretty much everyone
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Term
| How Kronos defeats Ouranos? |
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Definition
- Ouranos is Gaia's son, but also lover, who pushed babies back into her
- Gaia appeals to children to help her
- Kronos with tooth sickle, cuts of Ouranos' genitals
- Heaven drifts up, children come out
- 12 titans
- 3 cyclopes
- 3 hundred-handers (kept inside earth)
- Giants, others come from blood of severed genitals
- sickle becomes a strait
- Aphrodite comes out of sea foam
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Term
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Definition
- Kronos swallows all of his/Rhea's children whole
- didn't want kids replacing him
- Rhea outwits Kronos
- when Zeus is born, she hides Zeus near Crete
- gives Kronos stone wrapped in blanket
- Zeus ultimately beats Kronos
- Kronos regurgitates his brood
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Term
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Definition
- first wife, eaten by Zeus after he hears she might bear clever children
- pregnant
- Athena born out of Zeus's head
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Term
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Definition
- "custom"
- 2nd wife
- has Fates as children
- Clotho (spins thread)
- Lachesis (measure thread)
- Atropos (cuts thread)
- representing threads of life
- Mother of watcher/seasons
- Before they were born, didn't exist.. perhaps Zeus has moved beyond might
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Term
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Definition
- "Widespread Law"
- daughter of Oceanus
- 3 graces(children)
- Aglaia (splendor)
- Euphorosyne (Good cheer)
- Thalia (Festivity)
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Term
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Definition
- Earth mother
- Goddess of crops/fertility
- mother of Persephone
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Term
Zeus's Wives 5. Mnemosyne |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
- Daughter of Titans
- children:
- Apollo (kills men)
- Artemis (kills women)
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Term
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Definition
- Zeus's sister
- last wife
- only has mistresses after her
- Hera associated w/ marriage
- children:
- Hebe (youth)
- Eileithyia (childbirth goddess)
- Ares (war, bad wars)
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Term
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Definition
= born asexually - Athena (out of Zeus's head)
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- wisdom, crafts, war
- Hephaestus (out of Hera)
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- blacksmith, lame
- inferior to Zeus's child
- apparently Hera was mad Zeus didn't have Athena through her
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Term
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Definition
- Maia
- daughter of sea-god
- nymph
- gives birth to Hermes
- Semele
- mortal
- has Dionyces kinda
- she dies befor he is born
- Zeus implants fetus in thigh
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Term
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Definition
- Cyclopes (he set free after Kronos)
- Hundred-handers (help Zeus later)
- Children of Styx (underworld River goddess)
- power
- strength
- aspiration
- victory
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Term
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Definition
- Kronos
- Rhea
- Oceanus
- Themis
- Mnemosyne
- Iapetos
- 6 others
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Term
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Definition
- Clymene = oceanic nymph-daughter of Oceanus
- children:
- Atlas
- Menoitios
- Prometheus (foresight)
- Epimetheus (hindsight)
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Term
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Definition
Olympians beat Titans - 10 years
- Zeus employed hundred-handers
- lightning
- Puts Titans in Tartarus, misty gloom
- big bronze gate keeps them in
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Term
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Definition
- Child of Gaia
- snake monster
- Under etna
- Zeus fries him with Thunderbolt, throws him into Tartarus
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Term
Near Eastern Parallel Hurrian-Hittite Succession |
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Definition
- Anu
- Kumarbi (bites of Anu's genitals, which impregnates him)
- Teshub the Storm god (Zeus-like) fights these:
- Hedamu the serpent (tries to displace Teshub)
- Ullikummi, the living pillar (result of Kumarbi having sex with a cliff)
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Term
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Definition
- work of Prometheus (actually fashions man/animals) / Epimetheus (Gives animals their qualities, but nothing for man)
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Term
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Definition
- Prometheus tricks Zeus, trying to help humans
- meat + good parts under stomach
- bones and bad stuff under glistening fat
- Zeus omniscient (already knows trick being played?
- Revenge - Zeus makes men have hard labor, raw food, no fire
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Term
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Definition
- Prometheus steals fire in tube of fennel to give to men
- fire as special knowledge?
- Zeus finds out:
- chains him to rock
- Zeus's eagle eats his liver daily
- liver regenerates at night
- sentenced for eternity
- Prometheus threatens with succession secret
- Herakles saves Prometheus
- kills eagle with arrow
- Prometheus tells Zeus he can't sleep with Thetis
- Thetis forced to marry mortal Peleus
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Term
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Definition
- Made as punishment for men (since they had fire?)
- All Gods/goddesses play part in making her irresistable as possible
- bitch's mind
- knavish nature
- Pandora (Allgift)
- Epimetheus took gift from Zeus to give to humans (even though prometheus told him never to accept gift from gods)
- women unstopped jar of evils
- Only Hope remained inside
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Term
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Definition
- ancients thought that hope tricks people into thinking things get better
- Hope is not a provider
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Term
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Definition
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Term
Dangerous Vaginas Brazil, Yanomamo |
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Definition
- 1 of first women had toothed vagina that bit off consort's penis
- "pregnant" = satiated/full
- "to eat" = "to copulate"
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Term
Dangerous Vaginas Polynesia |
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Definition
Savior God Maui sought eternal life by crawling into the mouth/vagina of his mother Hina trying to return to the womb of the creatress she bit him in two and killed him
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Term
Dangerous Vaginas N. America (Kicking Boy + Coyote) |
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Definition
first women had toothed vaginas hero broke teeth by inserting objects now safe to sleep with women often younger sister helps hero to defeat toothy older sister ponca-otoe, Apache, Pawnee, Arapaho Kinky Coyote: Yurok(california) aetiology of obsidian coyote extracts all but one tooth from her vagina other version, blows her up, obsidion comes out as a result
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
term invented by Austrian psychoanalyst? Otto Rank women get blamed, evil, deceitful outwit female, men smarter woman w/ power = dangerous thing
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Term
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Definition
Weakness and impotence after ejaculation ejaculation as a loss of man's vital force, "eaten" by woman every orgasm = little death, the death of 'little man', the penis man exits as less than he entered
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Term
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Definition
AGES Heroes Ordinary Mortals - the only two ages
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Term
Hesiod Degenerating Cycle |
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Definition
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Term
| Myth of Ages - Biblical Version |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Benevolent Guardian Spirits Hypnos (sleep) Thanatos (death)
Hermes = psychopompos - accompanies souls of dead to underworld When Kronos replaced by Zeus, golden age over
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Associated with Ares Hearts of adamant (tough metal) Ash-tree (bodies?) monstrous bodies bronze armor, houses, tools "no eaters of corn" ie not agricultural no honor after death hunter-gatherers
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Egyptian field of Offering, Field of Reeds |
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Definition
parallels elysium fields pharaohs, etc Nile, fertility life of plenty
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Degenerate Race: children born w/ gray hair No family resemblance (ie.no fidelity) no spirit of hospitality (zeus=god of hospitality) no friendship no fraternal feelings no 'honor thy father and thy mother' (mother still only woman around)
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Term
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Definition
Breakdown of virtues which held family and society together might is right...fist law..Zeus as king? Honor for criminal and miscreant No regard for truthful, worthy, righteous man lies and false oaths of villain triumph over honest man End near??
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
- person, generation(s), editor?
- oral composition - passed down over years
- fossil words/phrases w/in the texts, some phrases are 200-300 years older than surrounding passages
- Iliad vs. Odyssey - responsible for both? (values conflict between epics)
- Homer= blind like Demodocus, the bard of the Phaecians
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Term
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Definition
- Ionic dialect (Greek speaking area along coast of Turkey
- Chios / Smyrna - 2 cities that claim to be birthplace of Homer
- Phrygian topography- poets familiar with this area
- Homeridae- people that made a living of reciting homeric epics.. idae = "descended from"
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Term
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Definition
- Homer's words as magic spells
- influence on
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Term
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Definition
- Iliad starts with this
- Calliope
- Muses, daughters of Mnemosyne
- 16,000 lines
- 8 epics in cycle
- Voyage to Troy
- Attacks on Trojan Allies
- Anger of Achilles
- Coming of Amazons
- Death of Achilles
- Voyages Home
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Term
Wedding of Peleus and Thetis |
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Definition
- Thetis forced by Zeus to marry mortal
- Eris - Strife- wasn't invited to wedding, but shows up anyway
- Golden Apple: Eris tosses apple for the fairest... lands in front of Hera, Athena, Aphrodite
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Term
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Definition
- Priam, Hecuba ( + concubines) (king and queen of Troy)
- 50 sons
- Hecuba has dream of Firebrand - dreamed she gave birth to flaming wood
- bad sign, meant son would bring destruction to city
- Put son into woods, exposure
- Adoption, recognition, they bring him back to the city
- Alexandros - Paris
- the protected
- the protector
- both meanings
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Term
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Definition
- Hera, Athena Aphrodite
- Paris has to decide who is fairest
- Bribes:
- Power (Hera)
- Wisdom (Athena)
- Beauty (Helen)- (Aphrodite)
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Term
| Swanning around with Leda |
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Definition
- Tyndareus and Leda (his wife) and Zeus (who metamorphoses into a swan and has sex with her)
- She was already pregnant with twins
- Zeus makes her pregnant with more
- Castor, Klytemnestra (mortal kids
- Polydeuces, Helen (Zeus' and Leda's kids)
- all come out of eggs
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Term
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Definition
- all heroes of Greece = her suitor
- so beautiful
- suitor's pledge to support successful one among them
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Term
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Definition
Xenia - hospitality, Zeus protector of host and guest xenos = host |
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Term
| Chryse, Chryses, Chryseis |
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Definition
- Agamemnon took Chryseis as war bride (concubine)
- Chyryses offers ransom
- Agam won't give her back
- Apollo kills men in Greek army (plague)
- Artemis killing women
- have big meeting:
- Achilles demands return of Chryseis
- Agam gets mad at Achilles
- Agam takes Achilles' woman, Bryseis
- Wrath of Achilles, insult to honor
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Term
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Definition
- Tantalus (wanted to test omniscience of Gods, spends life out of reach of fruit/water)
- serves Pelops, his son, for dinner
- Demeter gets distracted, eats shoulder of Pelops
- Gods put Pelops back together, missing shoulder
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Term
| Atreidae (Atreus' family tree) |
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Definition
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Term
| Atreidae complications/ drama |
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Definition
- Atreus serves up Thyestes' sons, because Aerope sleeps with Thyestes
- Agam has to sacrifice daughter Iphigeneia
- Clytemnestra (Agam's wife) angry with him for sacrificing daughter, so she sleeps with Aegisthus, Agam's cousin
- Aegisthus and Clytemnestra plot to kill Agamemnon
- Orestes, Agam's son, kills aegisthus and Clytemnestra to avange father
- Clytemnestra gets furies to kill Orestes
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Term
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Definition
- Erinyes, Furies
- avenge family blood
- (Bouguereau painting)
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Term
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Definition
- Thetis had to marry mortal Peleus
- famous story: Thetis dips Achilles into River Styx to make him invincible to weapons
- Variation: where she hols heel to dip him in, he is mortal
- variation: mortal parts burned away
- variation: rubbed ambrosia on him
- Thetis eventually leaves peleus, Achilles educated by Centaur chiron
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Term
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Definition
- Murder trial at Athens - Orestes goes to Athens, pursued by Furies
- Citizens of Athens = jury
- Apollo = on Orestes' side
- Athena casts deciding vote - says he should be purified, not punished
- Purification at Delphi
- Erinyes ---> Eumenides
- "furies"--- "kindly ones" they felt dishonored, so Athena suggests they become fertility goddesses
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Term
| Achilles as draft-dodger? |
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Definition
- Avoids call-up for Trojan war (was put in disguise)
- Disguised as girl, Pyrrah
- outed when he picks out a sword instead of jewelry
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Term
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Definition
- short glorious life vs long, unremembered, anonymous life
- Heracles said to have similar choice
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Term
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Definition
- arete vs. time
- arete = honor based on excellence, prowess, success
- time = honor based on possessions and power
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Term
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Definition
- Agam offers to Achilles:
- Briseis, slaves, valuables, daughers, 7 citadels
- Achilles has to accept that Agam is superior though
- Achilles refuses to participate (before and after gifts)
- relationships cemented by exchange of gifts
- person who gives bigger gift =superior
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Term
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Definition
- Grandfathers knew each other
- swap armor
- Glaukos gives gold armor
- Diomedes gives bronze armor
- Diomedes accepts inferior position to Glaukos
- originally thinks Glaukos is god
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Term
| Immortal Supporters of Trojans |
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Definition
- Ares
- Apollo
- Aphrodite
- oldest olympian?
- hesiodic version = born from foam, Ouranos vs, Kronos
- Homeric version = Zeus and Dione's (minor fertility goddess) daughter
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Term
| Aphrodite's favorites: Paris |
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Definition
- saves him from Menelaus
- gives him Helen
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Term
| Aphrodite's favorites: Aineias |
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Definition
- means "shame"
- some gods annoyed w/ Aphrodite, forced her to have sex with Anchises, a mortal
- Aineias = their son
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Term
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Definition
- forced into marriage with him
- treats him badly
- he still is minor supporter of her desires
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Term
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Definition
- "scream" "revenge" "war"
- Penthesilia and Amazons = his children
- "Double-faced liar, most hateful of all Olympian gods" -ZEUS
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Term
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Definition
- sleep together
- get children Deimos and Phobos "Terror and Panic"
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Term
| Busted (Aphrodites and Ares) |
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Definition
- Demodokos' song (Od. VIII)
- Hephaestus' trap
- makes gold chain net to pin them to bed, prove he was being cuckolded
- Apollo and Hermes joke about it
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Term
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Definition
- Athena injures both Ares and Aphrodite
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Term
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Definition
- Music and muses
- beast-slayer
- Smintheus
- mouse-killer
- arrows for plague
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Term
| Why does Apollo help the Trojans? |
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Definition
- Poseidon and Apollo enslaved by Zeus to Laomedon, former King of Troy and father of Priam
- BUT
- Chryseis affair
- Father of Troilus (son of Apollo and Hecuba)
- Priam and Hecuba
- Father of Tenes of Tenedos
- Tenes and Troilus both victims of Achilles
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Term
| Main supporters of Greeks |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
- "Protectress"
- Champion of Achaians,Danaans (Greeks)
- Queen of gods
- doesn't like Trojans because didn't get apple
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
- pummels Giant Alcyoneus, wears father's aegis
- obeys Hera in Iliad
- most intimidating goddess when it comes to war
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Term
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Definition
- Pro-Achaian rather than anti-Trojan
- Beats up Ares and Aphrodite
- Protectress of
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Term
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Definition
- hates Troy
- slave of Laomedon
- no pay!
- built walls of Troy
- Laomedon's threats
- However
- resents Greek camp wall (diminishes glory of his wall)
- Helps Aineias
- Offers to fight Apollo
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Term
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Definition
- Achilles
- Telamonian Aias, Diomedes, Patroclus
- Odysseus
- Agamemnon, Menelaos, Oilean Aias
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Term
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Definition
- Variant traditions
- 2nd best?
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Term
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Definition
- Aristeia (moment of excellence)
- Kleos, Klea =famous deed (s, people will sing of dees after death
- Special Sight- Athena grants him ability to distinguish gods from mortals on battlefield
- Separate epic? incorporated into Iliad later
- Trouble ahead?
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Term
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Definition
- wise counselor
- solid fighter
- Epic vs. Tragic Reputation
- raid on Trojans with Diomedes
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Term
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Definition
- cuckold
- brave warrior
- key role in recovery of patroclos' body
- defeats Paris in single combat (before Aphrodite intervenes)
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Term
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Definition
- rapes Cassandra, Trojan princess
- Son of Oileus
- From Lokris
- swiftest after Achilles
- fights to save body of Patroclus
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Term
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Definition
- loved by Zeus
- dutiful son
- loving husband to Andromache
- father to Astyanax
- how good a warrior? only kills one Greek hero, Patroclus
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Term
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Definition
- wife, son
- baby thrown off battlement (Greeks didn't want him to be a threat later)
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Term
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Definition
- Achilles' son
- kills Priam
- depicted beating Priam with Astyanax
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Term
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Definition
- Archer
- kills Achilles (after Iliad)
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Term
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Definition
- son of Zeus
- killed by Patroklos
- Zeus could've changed fate, but didn't
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Term
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Definition
- next best Trojan warrior after Hector?
- difference in ways gods intervene
Greek gods help Greeks win Trojan gods help Trojans survive |
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Term
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Definition
- wrath at peak
- outside bounds of human society
- dishonors Hector
- Resolution:
- Achilles rejoins humanity
- reaccepts rules of society
- funeral games
- gives Hector to Priam
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