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| king forced to have parliament and pay attention to parliament, provision about bail and against cruel and unusual punishment. |
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| crime and disorder act (1998) |
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| electronic tagging was introduced. enabled the possibility of an earlier release by 2 months from the normal release date. known as home detention curfew. |
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| statute of winchester (1285) |
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| established the notion that policing was a responsibility shared between the central government of the kind and the local communities. |
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| the secretary of state who is in charge of the home office. |
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| represented the civilian control of police at the local level. |
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| police complaints authority |
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| under this system the authorities were more actively involved in the complaints process. composed of citizens who were appointed to full time duty by the home secretary. |
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| introduced a bill in parliament calling for the creation of a metropolitan police force. the bill mandated that 1: 2 justices of the peace would create and administer a force that would police the metropolitan areas of london. 2: police personnel would be sworn as constables, thereby having all the powers, duties, and privileges accorded a constable under common law. and 3: the 2 justices would exercise their authority and be responsible to the home secretary. |
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| was the principal facilitator in the development of english common law and the judicial machinery used to administer it. |
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| director of public prosecutions |
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| a professional barrister or solicitor, appointed by the home secretary but supervised by the attorney general. he administers a large staff of lawyers specializing in criminal law and procedure. |
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| police and criminal evidence act |
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| called for the creation of methods by which people can express their views regarding police in their area. |
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| a lawyer who is a member of one of the Inns of Court and who has the privilege of pleading in the higher courts. after years the pleader would be called to the bar then the pleader would be known as a barrister. |
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| an English attorney who may perform all legal services, except appear in court. |
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| prison reform. his contribution to prison reform illustrates its application to penal theory. |
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| appointed by the prime minister and was a member of the cabinet from the house of lords, was ultimately responsible for appointing all judges. |
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| the ordeal of cold water involved placing the defendant into a pool of blessed water. if the person sank, they were innocent. if they splashed about, the were considered guilty. the ordeal of hot iron and hot water were similar to one another. the ordeal of hot iron required teh defendant to carry a hot iron bar nine feet, while the ordeal of hot water involved removing a stone from a cauldron of boiling water. all the instruments in these ordeals had been blessed by a priest. the defendants hand was bandaged and three days later the bandages were removed. if the skin was healing the person was innocent, if the skin was infected the person was guilty. |
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| have exclusive jurisdiction over all major criminal cases and they also handle appeals from people convicted similarly in a magistrates court. 78 cities. 3 kinds of judges |
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| a paid magistrates dealing with police cases. |
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| royal commission on criminal procedure |
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Definition
| focused on police powers of arrest, search and questioning. |
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| inspectors of constabulary |
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| agency mandated to assure efficiency and effectiveness in the British police service. |
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| explains the general rights and conditions under which bail may be granted. |
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| the significance of this interest is the british had assumed that plea bargaining did not take place in england, inducements to plea guilty are as formidable in england as in US. 58% of defendants in crown court. 88% of defendants in magistrates court. |
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| founded by volunteer prisoners and societies in order to assist in the training of hostel staffs and advising of those planning to develop hotels, use of volunteers, innovator in testing of diversionary program, recommending to parliament additional reforms regarding handling of offenders. |
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| teach juveniles how to use free time constructively. |
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| lords of appeal in ordinary, commonly known as law lords, were appointed under the appellate jurisdiction act 1876 to the house of lords of the united kingdom in order to exercise its judicial functions, which included acting as the highest court of appeal for most domestic matters. |
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| attempts to direct juveniles away from the formal adjudication process, primary purpose is to prevent more juveniles form being labeled delinquent. |
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| children and young persons act |
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Definition
| raised the minimum age for execution to 18, raised the age of criminal responsibility form 7 to 8, included guidelines on the employment of school aged children, set a minimum working age of 14 and made it illegal for adults to sell cigarettes or other tobacco products to children. the act is worded to ensure that adults and not children are responsible for enforcing it. |
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| the top barristers, who serve as a prime source to be selected for judges. |
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| are statutory bodies established by the prison act 1952 to monitor the welfare of prisoners in the UK to ensure that they are properly cared for within prison and immigration center rules, whilst in custody and detention. |
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| very popular option, similar to probation in US, judge decides, number of conditions. |
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| criminal law act introduced, sentencing ranging from 6 months - 2 years and can be partially served and partially suspended. |
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| national probation service/ national prison service |
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| a statutory criminal justice service, mainly responsible for the supervision of offenders in the community and the provision of reports to the criminal courts to assist them in their sentencing duties. |
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