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CJ 472 exam 1
comparing world criminal justice systems
32
Criminal Justice
Undergraduate 4
09/29/2015

Additional Criminal Justice Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
bill of rights
Definition
king forced to have parliament and pay attention to parliament, provision about bail and against cruel and unusual punishment.
Term
crime and disorder act (1998)
Definition
electronic tagging was introduced. enabled the possibility of an earlier release by 2 months from the normal release date. known as home detention curfew.
Term
statute of winchester (1285)
Definition
established the notion that policing was a responsibility shared between the central government of the kind and the local communities.
Term
home secretary
Definition
the secretary of state who is in charge of the home office.
Term
police authorites
Definition
represented the civilian control of police at the local level.
Term
police complaints authority
Definition
under this system the authorities were more actively involved in the complaints process. composed of citizens who were appointed to full time duty by the home secretary.
Term
robert peel
Definition
introduced a bill in parliament calling for the creation of a metropolitan police force. the bill mandated that 1: 2 justices of the peace would create and administer a force that would police the metropolitan areas of london. 2: police personnel would be sworn as constables, thereby having all the powers, duties, and privileges accorded a constable under common law. and 3: the 2 justices would exercise their authority and be responsible to the home secretary.
Term
cadet corps
Definition
entry level police
Term
king henny II
Definition
was the principal facilitator in the development of english common law and the judicial machinery used to administer it.
Term
director of public prosecutions
Definition
a professional barrister or solicitor, appointed by the home secretary but supervised by the attorney general. he administers a large staff of lawyers specializing in criminal law and procedure.
Term
police and criminal evidence act
Definition
called for the creation of methods by which people can express their views regarding police in their area.
Term
barristers
Definition
a lawyer who is a member of one of the Inns of Court and who has the privilege of pleading in the higher courts. after years the pleader would be called to the bar then the pleader would be known as a barrister.
Term
solicitors
Definition
an English attorney who may perform all legal services, except appear in court.
Term
john howard
Definition
prison reform. his contribution to prison reform illustrates its application to penal theory.
Term
lord chancellor
Definition
appointed by the prime minister and was a member of the cabinet from the house of lords, was ultimately responsible for appointing all judges.
Term
ordeals
Definition
the ordeal of cold water involved placing the defendant into a pool of blessed water. if the person sank, they were innocent. if they splashed about, the were considered guilty. the ordeal of hot iron and hot water were similar to one another. the ordeal of hot iron required teh defendant to carry a hot iron bar nine feet, while the ordeal of hot water involved removing a stone from a cauldron of boiling water. all the instruments in these ordeals had been blessed by a priest. the defendants hand was bandaged and three days later the bandages were removed. if the skin was healing the person was innocent, if the skin was infected the person was guilty.
Term
crown courts
Definition
have exclusive jurisdiction over all major criminal cases and they also handle appeals from people convicted similarly in a magistrates court. 78 cities. 3 kinds of judges
Term
stipendiary magistrates
Definition
a paid magistrates dealing with police cases.
Term
royal commission on criminal procedure
Definition
focused on police powers of arrest, search and questioning.
Term
inspectors of constabulary
Definition
agency mandated to assure efficiency and effectiveness in the British police service.
Term
bail act
Definition
explains the general rights and conditions under which bail may be granted.
Term
plea bargaining
Definition
the significance of this interest is the british had assumed that plea bargaining did not take place in england, inducements to plea guilty are as formidable in england as in US. 58% of defendants in crown court. 88% of defendants in magistrates court.
Term
NACRO
Definition
founded by volunteer prisoners and societies in order to assist in the training of hostel staffs and advising of those planning to develop hotels, use of volunteers, innovator in testing of diversionary program, recommending to parliament additional reforms regarding handling of offenders.
Term
detention center
Definition
teach juveniles how to use free time constructively.
Term
law lords
Definition
lords of appeal in ordinary, commonly known as law lords, were appointed under the appellate jurisdiction act 1876 to the house of lords of the united kingdom in order to exercise its judicial functions, which included acting as the highest court of appeal for most domestic matters.
Term
prevention
Definition
attempts to direct juveniles away from the formal adjudication process, primary purpose is to prevent more juveniles form being labeled delinquent.
Term
children and young persons act
Definition
raised the minimum age for execution to 18, raised the age of criminal responsibility form 7 to 8, included guidelines on the employment of school aged children, set a minimum working age of 14 and made it illegal for adults to sell cigarettes or other tobacco products to children. the act is worded to ensure that adults and not children are responsible for enforcing it.
Term
queen's counsel
Definition
the top barristers, who serve as a prime source to be selected for judges.
Term
boards of visitors
Definition
are statutory bodies established by the prison act 1952 to monitor the welfare of prisoners in the UK to ensure that they are properly cared for within prison and immigration center rules, whilst in custody and detention.
Term
probation
Definition
very popular option, similar to probation in US, judge decides, number of conditions.
Term
suspended sentence
Definition
criminal law act introduced, sentencing ranging from 6 months - 2 years and can be partially served and partially suspended.
Term
national probation service/ national prison service
Definition
a statutory criminal justice service, mainly responsible for the supervision of offenders in the community and the provision of reports to the criminal courts to assist them in their sentencing duties.
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