Term
Deterrence Theory
Who are the authors of this theory? and what is this theory known as? |
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Definition
| Beccaria and Bentham. "Classic Criminology" |
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Term
Deterrence Theory
What is known as the principle of deterrence |
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Definition
| The pain/pleasure calculus |
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Term
Deterrence Theory
Explain specific deterrence |
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Definition
| An individual who is caught will not reoffend because they are deterred from committing a crime due to punishment. |
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Term
Deterrence Theory
Explain general deterrence |
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Definition
| You see others getting punished and you are deterred as a result. |
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Term
Deterrence Theory
Explain formal deterrence |
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Definition
| Punishment is reasonable, swift, and certain. |
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Term
Deterrence Theory
Explain informal deterrence |
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Definition
Idea that people do not want to risk the disapproval of family and friends. |
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Term
Rational Choice Theory
Rational Choice Theory says... |
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Definition
Before an individual commits a crime they rationally think it over and weigh pain vs pleasure |
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Term
Rational Choice Theory
What is the imperical validity of this theory? |
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Definition
| Limited imperical validity |
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Term
Routine Activities Theory
In order for crime to occur what three things must be present? |
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Definition
- A motivated offender
- A suitable target(person or property)
- lack of a capable guardian
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Term
Biological Theories
What was this theory trying to explain? |
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Definition
| thought that anatomy, physiology, or genetic abnormalities are indicators of crime. |
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Term
Biological Theories
Imperical validity? |
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Definition
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Term
Biological Theories
Who are the two authors under this theory? |
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Definition
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Term
Biological Theories
What does lumbroso say about this theory and how deterrence will not work? |
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Definition
| there is no calculus and that there are defects that are the source of crime, and deterrence will not work on according to biological theories. |
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Term
Biological Theories
Lumbroso says that there are distinct physical features that can predict crime, what are some of these? |
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Definition
- Excessively hairy
- Protruding forehead
- Excessively muscular
- Long limbs
- Big lips
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Term
Biological Theories
Lumbroso: what is atavism? |
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Definition
| A dangerous predatory criminal |
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Term
Biological Theories
Lumbroso: What is an insane criminal? |
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Definition
| A person who cannot control their emotions; this person is psychotic |
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Term
Biological Theories
Lumbroso: What is a criminaloid? |
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Definition
| Individuals who commits crime due to passion |
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Term
Biological Theories
Sheldan says that body type predicts crime; What are the three body types? |
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Definition
- Endomorph - carries excess body weight
- Ecomorph - thin person
- Mesomorph - muscular person; most likely to commit crime
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Term
Psychological Theories
Who is the author of this theory? |
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Definition
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Term
Psychological Theories
Freud says there are three parts of the brain, what are they? |
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Definition
- Id - primal/basic thought process
- Ego - Rational part; balances Id and superego
- Superego - conscious/moralizing part of the brain
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Term
Psychological Theories
According to Freud what is deviance rooted in? |
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Definition
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Term
Personality Theory
According to this theory people who commit crime have abnormal personalities, what are some of the characteristics of these personalities? |
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Definition
- Impulsive
- Excessively aggressive
- Rebellious
- Does not like authority
- Hostile
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Term
Control Theories
What question is this theory asking?
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Definition
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Term
Control Theories: Theory of internal and external control
Who are the authors of this theory?
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Definition
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Term
Control Theories: Theory of internal and external control
What does personal controls mean? |
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Definition
| self control over our own behaviors |
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Term
Control Theories: Theory of internal and external control
What are social controls? |
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Definition
| Social sanctions that reward conformity |
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Term
Control Theories: Theory of internal and external control
Nye: expanded on social controls, what are the three social controls? |
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Definition
- Direct controls
- Indirect controls
- Internal controls
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Term
Control Theories: Theory of internal and external control
What is an example of a direct control and how does that example work? |
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Definition
| Parental control. through punishing misconduct and rewarding compliance. |
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Term
Control Theories: Theory of internal and external control
Explain why we comply to indirect controls |
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Definition
| because crime will cause pain/disappointment to loved ones |
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Term
Control Theories: Theory of internal and external control
What are internal controls like? |
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Definition
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Term
Control Theories: Theory of internal and external control
What does Nye say is critical in dealing with this theory? |
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Definition
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Term
Theory of Containment
Who is the author of this theory? |
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Definition
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Term
Theory of Containment
Why do people conform according to this theory? |
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Definition
| because containments are in place |
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Term
Theory of Containment
What are the containments? |
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Definition
- Outer containment
- Inner containment
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Term
Theory of Containment
What is outer containment and the two ways/examples to do this? |
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Definition
| External support that counters deliquency. Parental and school supervision/ discipline. |
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Term
Theory of Containment
When is inner containment formed? and is this containment the most important? |
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Definition
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Term
Theory of Containment
There are elements that drive us towards deliquency known as pushes and pulls. What are the three pushes and pulls? |
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Definition
- Inner pushes
- Outer pushes
- Outer pulls
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Term
Theory of Containment
Explain inner pushes. examples? |
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Definition
| Psychological impulses towards delinquency. discontent, hostility, aggressiveness. |
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Term
Theory of Containment
Explain outer pushes. examples? |
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Definition
| Structural conditions that foster deviance. poverty, poor education system, blocked opportunities |
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Term
Theory of Containment
Explain outer pulls. examples? |
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Definition
| personal inducement towards deliquency. peers and referred group. |
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Term
Theory of Containment
What is the imperical validity of this theory? |
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Definition
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Term
Neutralization/Drift Theory
Who are the authors of this theory? |
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Definition
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Term
Neutralization/Drift Theory
What is the general idea of this theory? |
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Definition
| People have a natural motivation to deviate and we drift in and out of delinquency and we have neutralization mechanisms that we use to justify our drift into deviance. |
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Term
Neutralization/Drift Theory
What is the imperical validity of this theory? |
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Definition
| Strong imperical validity |
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Term
Neutralization/Drift Theory
What are the five neutralization techniques? |
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Definition
- Denial of responsibility
- Denial of injury
- Denial of victims status
- Condemnation of the condemned
- Appeal to a higher loyalty
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Term
Social Bond Theory
Who is the author? |
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Definition
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Term
Social Bond Theory
Social bonds = ? |
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Definition
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Term
Social Bond Theory
Broken social bonds = ? |
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Definition
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Term
Social Bond Theory
What are the four social bond elements? |
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Definition
- Attachment
- Commitment
- Involvement
- Belief
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Term
Social Bond Theory
define attachment |
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Definition
| A close affection to others |
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Term
Social Bond Theory
define commitment |
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Definition
| An investment or stake in conventional goals or values |
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Term
Social Bond Theory
define involvement |
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Definition
| the idea that time spent on positives activities leaves no time for deviance. |
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Term
Social Bond Theory
define belief |
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Definition
| the idea that law should be folllowed and functions for the greater good |
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Term
The General Theory of Crime "Theory of Low Self-Control"
Who are the authors? |
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Definition
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Term
The General Theory of Crime "Theory of Low Self-Control"
In general explain whats this theory saying? |
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Definition
| Individuals with low self-control are more likely to engage in crime. |
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Term
The General Theory of Crime "Theory of Low Self-Control"
What are the four low self-control elements? |
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Definition
- Impulsive
- Insensitive
- Risk taking behaviors
- Using physicality instead of mind to solve problems
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Term
The General Theory of Crime "Theory of Low Self-Control"
What leads to low self-control? |
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Definition
| Ineffective child rearing |
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