Term
| separate-and-silent system |
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Definition
method of control used in pennsylvania's penitentiary
inmates kept from communicating with each other |
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Term
| congregate-and-silent system |
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Definition
style of control in Auburn System
inmates could eat and work together but were not allowed to talk to each other |
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Term
| marks-of-commendation system |
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Definition
incarceration system developed by alexander maconochie
inmates earned right to be released and receive privileges |
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Term
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Definition
| method of control in which offender is prevented from committing more crimes by imprisonment or death |
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Term
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Definition
| method of control in which punishment of a single offender sets an example for the rest of society |
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Term
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Definition
| philosophy that an offender who commits a heinous crime deserves death |
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Term
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Definition
style of control in which offenders are punished as severely as possible for a crime
rehabilitation is not attempted |
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Term
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Definition
| closed institution in which every aspect, including the movement and behavior of convicts is controlled and structured |
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Term
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Definition
| deprivations that define the punitive nature of imprisonment |
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Term
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Definition
| specific patterns of behavior that inmates develop in prison to adjust to the environment |
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Term
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Definition
| extremely secure prison with limited contact between inmates and outside world |
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Term
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Definition
| judicial attitude toward prisons before 1960s in which courts did not become involved in prison affairs or inmate rights |
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Term
| presentence investigation |
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Definition
| report prepared by probation officer to assist a judge in sentencing |
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Term
| intensive-supervision probation |
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Definition
| form of supervision that requires frequent meetings between the client and probation officer |
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Term
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Definition
| form of probation supervision that is contracted to for-profit private agencies by the state |
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Term
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Definition
| the time deducted from an inmate's prison sentence for good behavior |
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Term
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Definition
| time deducted from an inmate's sentence for doing something special or extra, such as getting a GED |
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Term
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Definition
personal status that overwhelms all others
ex: being called a rapist. nobody will see you differently |
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Term
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Definition
short-term prison that uses military boot camp training and discipline techniques to rehabilitate offenders
often used for youth offenders |
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Term
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Definition
| sentencing offenders to prison,allowing them to serve a short time, and then granting them probation without their prior knowledge |
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Term
| Trinity of the penitentiary |
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Definition
1. separation from society
2. obedience
3. labor: work was a cure for social problems |
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Term
| list: four philosophical justifications for punishment |
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Definition
1. retribution
2. incapacitation
3. deterrence
4. rehab |
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Term
| 4 goals of punishment: retribution |
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Definition
government sponsored revenge
no utilitarian purpose |
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Term
| 4 goals of punishment: incapacitation |
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Definition
stop somebody physically from committing crime
ex: prison
problems: assume we know who will commit more crimes. false positives. overly incapacitated; longer than needed |
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Term
selective incapacitation
vs
general incapacitation |
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Definition
selective: specifically choose person to incapacitate.
general: incapacitate certain types of offenders
ex: sex offenders |
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Term
| 4 goals of punishment: deterrence |
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Definition
linked to classical school of criminology
likelihood of getting caught?
likelihood of getting a punished?
what punishment? |
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Term
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Definition
| stated that the death penalty is unconstitutional because the decision to execute was so arbitrary |
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Term
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Definition
tried to address furman v georgia
ruled that there must be mitigating and aggravating circumstances in order to execute |
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Term
| what was the case that addressed furman v georgia? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| states that it is a violation of the 8th amendment to execute a mentally handicap person |
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Term
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Definition
| stated that juries,not judges should make the decision if mitigating or aggravating circumstances exist |
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Term
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Definition
| states that if an offender commitsa crime while being under the age of 18 then they cannot be executed |
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Term
| list: 5 cases about death penalty |
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Definition
1. furman v georgia
2. gregg v georgia
3. atkins v virginia
4. ring v. arizona
5. roper v simmons |
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