The _____________ model of law-making assumes that the majority of citizens agree on what activities should be outlawed and punished as crimes.

Conflict

Consensus

Integrated

Justice

According to the lecture, the most common female crime is:

An illicit drug offense

Prostitution

Small-scale fraud

All of the above

Currently, county sheriffs are:

Appointed by the governor

Appointed by the mayor and city council

Elected by a popular vote

Promted from within the sheriff's agency

After a crime has been committed and the patrol officer has gathered preliminary information from a crime scene, the responsibility of identifying the offender is delegated to the:

Detective

Forensic investigator

Internal affairs unit

Police chief

According to the textbook, police stops require __________ justified by "specific and articulable facts."

Frisking for contraband

Intuition

Racial profiling

Reasonable suspicion

All of the following are examples of justification defenses EXCEPT

Duress

Intoxication

Necessity

Self-defense

The Utah State University Police Department is equivalent to a _______________ police force.

Federal

Municipal

Private

State

In the Uniform Crime Report, Part I offenses include criminal homicide, forcible rape, aggravated assualt, robbery, burglary, larceny/theft, motor vehicle theft, and arson - the "Big 8" that make up the major:

Property and public-order crimes

Property and violent crimes

Public-order and violent crimes

Violent and white-collar crimes

Regardless of how criminal law is created, the simplest definition of a crime assumes that a behavior is:

Against the law

Immoral

Punishable

Both A and C

Both A and C

Against the law

and

Punishable

According to _________ theory, individuals make the decision to engage in crime based upon a cost-benefit analysis.

Conflict

Labeling

Rational Choice

Social Disorganization

The M'Naughten rule is derived from an 1843 British murder case and set the intial standard of ___________ for purposes of criminal trial.

Infancy

Insanity

Intoxication

Mistake

The ___________ Era of policing lasted from approximately 1840 until 1930 and was marked by high levels of corruption and political favoritism.

Community

Political

Reform

Traditional

The policing strategy influenced by the Broken Windows Hypothesis that championed severely punishing minor offenses in order to prevent more serious crime was:

Community Oriented Policing and Problem Solving (COPS)

Problem Oriented Policing (POP)

Zero-Tolerance Policing

All of the above

Questioning a suspect about a specific crime or to elicit a confession after he or she has been placed under arrest or taken into custody is called:

Coercion

Custodial interrogation

Deprivation of freedom

Torture

The _________ model of law-making assumes that a small group that holds the political, economic, and/or social power in a community determines the content of criminal law.

 Conflict

Consensus

Integrated

Justice

The term "clearance rates" refers to:

The percentage of crimes that resut in arrest

The percentage of crimes that result in a criminal conviction

The percentage of reported crimes

The percentage of stolen goods that are returned to victims of property crime

According to the guest lecture, a/an ___________ allows victims to personalize the crime in court and express the impact that said crime has had on them and their family.

Civil lawsuit

Courtroom testimony

Police report

Victim impact statement

The Miranda warning is related specifically to ____________ Amendment rights.

Fourth

Fifth

Sixth

Both B and C

Both B and C

Fifth

and Sixth

The majority of crime control is enforced at the ___________ level.

Corrections

Federal

Local

State

According to the Fourth Amendment, no warrants can be issued without:

A stop and frisk

Mere suspicion

Probable cause

Reasonable suspicion

Which of the following agencies is NOT housed within the Department of Homeland Security?

Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI)

Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA)

Transportation Security Administration (TSA)

United States Coast Guard

The irony of Community Oriented Policing and Problem Solving (COPS) is that the communities that need the most police help are those with the highest level of:

Community involvement

Income

Legal cynicism

Religiosity

_____________ criminal law are the rules that define the manner in which criminal laws and penalties may be enforced, including the rights of the accused tied to the Bill of Rights.

Civil

Constitutional

Procedural

Substantive

Any evidence linked to a violation of the _____________ Amendment is usually subject to the exclusionary rule.

Fourth

Fifth

Sixth

All of the above

Despite commonly being linked, there is technically a difference between assault and battery that involves whether or not there was:

A weapon

Negligence

Physical contact

Premeditation

Style of policing that emphasizes heightened bureaucracy, increased use of technology, and a professional detachment from the community was championed during the __________ Era.

Community

Political

Reform

Traditional

Providing "material support" to terrorist groups is a criminal offense. In this instance, "material support" refers to:

Financial aid

information

weapons

All of the above

In a _______ trial, the charges are brought by the state, the goal is to determine guilt "beyond a reasonable doubt", and the end result is punishment.

Civil

Criminal

Felony

Misdemeanor

The United States Constitution is the supreme law of the land and any legal decisions that run the risk of violating Constitutional law will be hear by the:

President of the United States

United States Congress

United States Senate

United States Supreme Court

The Bill of Rights are the immunities of individual citizens and include the first ___________ Amendments to the United States Constitution

Five

Ten

Twelve

Seventeen

Police can establish probable cause based upon:

Evidence

Personal observation

Reliable information

All of the above

According to the lecture, most suspected terrorists are prosecuted for the guilty act of:

Conspiracy

Homicide

Tax evasion

Treason

First degree murder must be:

Deliberate

Involuntary

Premeditated

Both A and C

Both A and C

Criminal law requires proof that a specific crime has been committed by someone - evidence proving "the body of the crime" or:

Actus reus

Corpus delicit

Mala in se

Mens rea

The cryptologic intelligence agency with gathering and analyzing information about foreign conversations, while ensuring that other countries cannot do the same to the United States is the:

Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)

Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI)

National Security Agency (NSA)

Transportation Security Administration (TSA)

Which of the following is NOT one of the basic requirements for becoming a police officer?

Being a US Citizen

Having no felony convictions

Minimum height requirements

Possession of or eligibility to obtain a state driver's license

Consent searchers are entirely:

Mandatory

Voluntary

Both A and B

Neither A nor B

According to the _____________ Amendment, no citizen will be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without "due process" of the law.

Fourth

Fifth

Sixth

Eighth

Police examinations of persons or property undertaken to find evidence that will be used to prove guilt in a criminal trial are called:

Affadavits

Inevitable discoveries

Searches

Seizures

Concurrence in criminal law necessitates the presence of both a guilty act - also known as _________ - and a guilty mind.

Actus reus

Corpus delicit

Mala in se

Mens rea

According to the _________ Amendment, any individual accused of a crime has a right to speedy and public trial by an impartial jury.

Fourth

Fifth

Sixth

Eighth

Studies have shown that ____________ police officers are particularly effetive in the area of community relations.

Female

Male

Minority

Older

According to the lecture, _________ of former delinquents are no longer involved in wrongdoing by the time they reach age 28.

25%

50%

85%

95%

While most cases involve the commission of a criminal act, some charges involve the omission of action when a person has a legal duty to perform an omitted act. Examples of crimes of omission include:

Failure to follow "good Samaritan" statutes

Federal tax evasion

Parental negligence

All of the above

When requesting a search warrant, law enforcement officers must provide specific information about:

The items to be seized

The premises to be searched

The suspects to be investigated

All of the above

The ______________ model of criminal justice focuses primarily on protecting civil rights, privileging transparency and formality in criminal processing, and potentially sacrificing efficiency.

Conflict

Crime Control

Due Process

Wedding Cake

In criminology, ___________ theories like social disorganization focus on what elements cause a community to have high crime rates.

Macro-level

Micro-level

Both A and B

None of the above

Which of the following agencies patrol the borders of the continental United States to ensure that immigrants, drugs, and international traffickers do not enter the country illegally?

US Customs and Border Patrol

US Department of Transportation

US Immigrations and Customs Service

US Marshals Service

In criminology, _____________ theories like rational choice theory and labeling theory focus on what elements cause an individual to commit a crime.

Macro-level

Micro-level

Both A and B

None of the above

According to the lecture, the most accurate crime statistics exist for which of the two following crimes?

Assault and Burglary

Assault and Homicide

Homicide and Motor vehicle theft

Sexual assault and Burglary

According to the _____________ Amendment, no unreasonable searches and seizures can be conducted without a warrant justified specifically by "probable cause".

Fourth

Fifth

Sixth

Eighth

The majority of a patrol officer's time is spent on:

Administrative duties

Calls for services

Officer-initiated activities

Preventative patrol

Cyber crime is primarily combated on the __________ level.

County

Federal

Municipal

State

Most of the first American police forces were created in an effort to:

Control crime

Control certain groups of people such as slaves and Native Americans

Control Politicians

Prevent crime

According to the FBI definition, "terrorism" is:

An attempt to intimidate or to coerce a government or civilian population

An act motivated by political or social objectives

The unlawful use of force or violence

All of the above

According to your textbook, what is the most common form of criminal activity?

Drug crime

Property crime

Public-order crime

Violent Crime

Because a traditional official crime statistics are comprised entirely of only crimes known to the authorities, criminologists argue for the use of victim and self-report surveys in order to get at the actual amount of crime occurring in the world-a hypothetical statistic known as the:

Adjusted crime rate

Dark Figure of crime

Deviance level

True crime rate

Which of the following agencies is housed within the Department of Homeland Security?

Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)

Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI)

National Security Agency (NSA)

Transportation Security Administration (TSA)

Public-order crimes are sometimes referred to as:

Deviant crimes

Harmless offenses

Petty offenses

Victimless crimes

_____________ criminal law define the rights of individuals with respect to one another, including criminal statutes regarding murder, theft, and prostitution.

Civil

Constitutional

Procedural

Substantive

All of the following are official sources of crime data collected by the Department of Justice EXCEPT

National Crime Victimization Surveys

National Incident-Based Reporting System

National Self-report surveys

Uniform Crime Reports

According to the lecture, recent rulings by the Supreme Court have __________ the existing Miranda Rights.

Heavily strengthened

Largely ignored

Quietly bolstered

Slowly eroded

The United States criminal justice system is built upon a foundation of ___________ which means that government powers are shared between national (federal) government and the states.

Crime control

Crime prevention

Federalism

Maintaining justice

In a _____________ trial, the charges are brought by an individual or business, the goal is to determine legal responsibility based upon a "preponderance of the evidence", and the end result is damages typically in the form of monetary compensation.

Civil

Criminal

Felony

Misdemeanor

Sworn law enforcement officers in the United States are different from civillians employed by law enforcement agencies in that they:

Are authorized to use deadly force

Can make arrests

Have higher security clearance

Both A and B

Both A and B

Are authorized to use deadly force

&

Can make arrests

The ____________ was meant to "level the playing field " in federal efforts to fight terrorism.

Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996

Authorization for Use of Military Force Against Terrorists Act

USA PATRIOT Act of 2001

None of the above

According to your textbook, wildlife wardens, alcohol and beverage control agents, and fire marshals are examples of law enforcement officers at the _____________ level.

County

Federal

Municipal

State

Despite being an overwhelmingly male activity, incarceration rates are going up for female offenders because of:

A change in human nature

The Female Liberation hypothesis

"Get Tough" policies

Both B and C

Both B and C

The Female Liberation hypothesis

&

"Get Tough" policies

Most of the criminal defenses discussed in the textbook acknowledge the commisision of a guilty act, but:

A denial of harm

Against intent

For justification

Both B and C

Both B and C

Against intent

&

For justification

____________ are when law enforcement agencies forcibly take persons or property into custody in response to the violation of the law.

Affadavits

Inevitable discoveries

Searches

Seizures

The Criminal Justice System is comprised of an interlocking network of public institutions charged with all of the following EXCEPT:

Determining guilt and sentencing of suspected defendants

Encouraging vigilantism and private citizens attempting to effecting justice

Investigating crimes

Punishing convicted criminals

The ___________ model of criminal justice focuses primarily on preventing crime as efficiently as possible, privileging swiftness and informality in criminal processing , and potentially sacrificing individual freedoms and civil liberties.

Conflict

Crime Control

Due Process

Wedding Cake

Concerrence in criminal law necessitates the presence of both a guilty act and a guilty mind. The guilty mind is also known as ___________.

Actus reus

Corpus delicit

Mala in se

Mens rea

Murder is different from manslaughter in that murder requires:

Careless

Emotional provocation

Malice aforethought

Negligence

According to the Fourth Amendment, reasonable searches and seizures can apply to:

Houses

Papers

Persons

All of the above

All of the above

The __________ holds that officers are justified in seizing illegal contraband that they inadvertently come across in the line of duty.

Exclusionary rule

Good faith exemption

Inevitable discovery exemption

Plain view doctrine

All of the following are written sources of American criminal law EXCEPT:

Court decisions

Federal statutes

The United States Constitution

None of the above

The most valuable members of the police force and those who perform the bulk of field services are the:

Detectives

Forensic investigators

Patrol officers

Police chiefts

Discretion is having the professional authority to choose between and among alternative actions , and exists at the ____________ level of the criminal justice system.

Correctional

Judicial

Policing

All of the above

Effective Community Oriented Policing and Problem Solving (COPS) is complicated by issues related to:

Other municipal agencies

The community

The police department

All of the above