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CJ 101
final exam sean falconer boise state
84
Criminal Justice
Undergraduate 1
12/13/2012

Additional Criminal Justice Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
what are the two states that had the first prisons?
Definition
Pennsylvania and New York
Term
early Pennsylvania systems had what characteristics
name 4
Definition
1. separate confinement
2. no communication
3. solitary labor and bible reading/ moral rehabilitation
4. all activity in cells
Term
early NY systems had what characteristics
name 4
Definition
1. congregate system
2. isolation only at night
3. worked under rule of silence
4. contract labor
Term
main characteristic of prisoners of the south and west.
Definition
leased system- leased to contractors for food clothing etc.
Term
3 principles of guided prison reform
Definition
1. separation of men and women
2. care within the needs of women
3. management of women's prisons by women
Term
rehabilitation model characteristics
Definition
1. improving conditions in social environments
2. rehabilitating individual offenders
3. failed and discredited in 1970s
Term
characteristics of the community model.
Definition
1. developed out of civil rights movement
2. purpose should be to reintegrate the offender
3. dominated until 1970s
Term
characteristics of the crime control model.
Definition
1.failures of rehab model lead to crime control model
2. punitive measures
3. long sentences for violence
4. determinate sentences
5. get tough policy
Term
levels of the prison system
Definition
1. minimum
2. medium
3. maximum
4. super-max
Term
federal prison system
Definition
contains less violent offenders mostly white collar and 51% drug offenses.
Term
state prison systems
Definition
3 levels of security for men.
administration falls under executive branch.
vary in size, number, type, and location.
Term
super-max
Definition
40 states have a supermax prison.
most dangerous
extra tight security and isolation common.
Term
women in prison
Definition
only 7% of prison population.
get lighter sentences.
institutions isolated far from families.
Term
private prisons
Definition
operate in 32 states
holds 6.8% state prisoners
holds 16.4% of federal prisoners
1 billion a yr business
Term
private prison pros-
Definition
1. cheaper
2. reduces jail and prison overcrowding
Term
private prison cons-
Definition
1. poor service and programming
2. lower wages and benefits for officers
3. poor training
4. moral considerations
Term
jails/short term incarceration and detention.
Definition
1. operated by county
2. population is made up of pre-trial, awaingt sentance, misdemeanors, holds parole violators,relieve prison overcrowding.
Term
law of corrections
Definition
pre-1960s hands off policy
since offenders have gained access to courts.
case law has defined and recognized constitutional rights of inmates
Term
case that gave and recognized constitutional rights of inmates.
Definition
Cooper VS. Pate (1964)
Term
only right that inmates still do not have
Definition
the right against unreasonable search and seizure
Term
restricted censorship of inmate mail
Definition
Procunier VS. Martinez (1974)
Term
ban on mail correspondence between inmates in different facilities
Definition
Turner VS. Safley (1987)
Term
prisoners don't have protection against search and seizure. safety is more important.
Definition
Hudson VS. Palmer (1984)
Term
deliberate indifference violates the 8th amendment.
Definition
Estelle VS. Gamble (1976)
Term
due process in prison discipline.
Definition
Wolff VS. McDonnell (1974)
Term
equal protection against racial discrimination.
Definition
Lee VS. Washington (1968)
Term
police do not need reason to search a parolee
Definition
Samson VS. California (2006)
Term
parolees have the right to an attorney and a two-step revocation process.
Definition
Morrissey VS. Brewer (1972)
Term
liability and the right to sue correctional employees
Definition
Cooper VS. Pate (1964)
Term
there has been a significant_________ in the population under supervision
Definition
increase
Term
4 factors supporting community corrections
Definition
1.not all deserve incarceration
2.cheaper then incarceration
3.recidivism rates not any higher then with those who do go to prison
4.need for support and supervision
Term
what is probation?
Definition
1.conditional release with supervision
2.mainly for lesser offenders
3.combined with other sanction. (fines,restitution,and community service)
4.4,200,000 offenders on probation
Term
1940's probation
Definition
focus was therapeutic counseling - treatment and rehabilitation
Term
1960's probation
Definition
providing social services and reintegration
Term
1970's-present probation
Definition
risk management
Term
probation revocation occurs when-
Definition
1. technical violation
2. new arrest or conviction (most likely)
Term
fines-
Definition
criminal sanction/ 1 billion per yr./lesser offenses/ discriminate against the poor/many go uncollected
Term
forfeitures as sanctions
Definition
RICO act- seizure of goods related to the commission of an criminal act./ great potential for abuse
Term
limits governments ability to seize property of offenders
Definition
Austin VS. United States
Term
home confinement
Definition
house arrest w/ restriction/ great deal of flexibility for a sanction
Term
electronic monitoring
Definition
ensures compliance/ problems include privacy and liability issues, compliance of technology, cost high, recidivism rates high.
Term
community service order
Definition
symbolic/tailored to skills/work without pay
Term
Intensive Supervision Probation or ISP
Definition
more restrictive/community based/ smaller case loads
Term
2 type of ISP
Definition
1. probation diversion
2. institutional diversion
Term
boot camps main focus
Definition
1. mostly juvinille
2. shock incarceration
3. 30-90 days
4. military style
5. probation officer take over after
Term
3 models of modern prisons
Definition
1. custodial model
2. rehabilitation model
3. reintegration model
Term
a good prison provides
Definition
order
amenities
service
Term
4 factors that make a prison unique
Definition
1.defects of total power
2.limits reward and punishment
3.cooperation by inmates
4.strength of inmate leadership
Term
defects of total power
Definition
power of officers limited
prisoners little to lose
ratio of inmates to officers
rewards and punishments
Term
modern prisons separate inmates by what
Definition
race
ethnicity
age
gang
Term
officers role
Definition
counsel
supervise
protect
process
follow procedure
Term
when is the use of force acceptable
Definition
self-defense
defense of 3rd person
upholding rules
prevention of crime
prevention of escape
Term
who is in prison?
Definition
mostly men ages 25-44
Term
what is the second leading cause of death in inmates
Definition
HIV/AIDS
Term
facts about mentally ill prisoners
Definition
56% of inmates have symptoms
incarceration rate for mentally ill is 2-4x that of general population
Term
4 adaptive roles
Definition
1. doing time-serving time
2. gleaning-bettering themselves
3. jailing-constructing a prison life
4.disorganized criminal-difficulty functioning
Term
issues in a women's prison
Definition
1.sexual misconduct
2.education and training
3.medical services
4.mothers and their children
Term
5 prison programs
Definition
1.educational
2.vocational
3.prison industries
4.rehabilitative programs
5. medical services
Term
3 characteristics of underlying assaultive behavior
Definition
1.age- men 16-24yrs more prone
2.attitudes
3.race-major division factor "convict code"
Term
facts about prisoner reentry
Definition
40% will return
many have served long sentences
not prepared for society
little support
Term
how many will be released?
Definition
93%
77% on parole
19% will max out
Term
3 terms associated with parole-
Definition
1.grace
2.contract
3.custody
Term
when and where did parole originate
Definition
1800's England
Term
maconochie's 5 stages of liberty
Definition
1.strict imprisonment
2.labor / chain gang
3.limited freedom area
4.ticket for conditional pardon
5.full liberty restored
Term
where did the USA develop parole
Definition
Elmira state reformatory- initialy by volunteers
22 states by 1900
32 by 1932
Term
4 mechanisms for release
Definition
1.discretionary-states retaining indeterminate sentencing
2.mandatory-setence served minus good behavior
3.expiration-max out
4.other conditional
Term
2 step probable cause hear process/ not just sent back without cause
Definition
morrissey VS. Brewerr(1972)
Term
who can grant a pardon
Definition
president and governor
Term
pardons serve what 3 purposes
Definition
1.remedy miscarriage of justice
2.remove stigmata of conviction
3.mitigate a penalty
Term
how many juvenile offenders are there
Definition
74 million with 1.5 million arrest a year
Term
what is the concept called
Definition
parens patriae
Term
in the puritan era who's fault was it
Definition
the parents
Term
the refuge period 1824-1899
Definition
house of refuge- half prison half school
reform schools
could be triad as adults
Term
juvenile act of 1899
Definition
first separate in Chicago
less adversarial
separation from adults
now called delinquents
Term
In re Gault
Definition
extended 14th amendment of due process
notice of charges
right to counsel
right to confront and cross
protection against self incrimination
Term
juvenile rights period 1960-1980
Definition
attacked extensive discretion
kent v us 1966
in re gault 1967
in re winship 1970
mckeiver v penn 1971
breed v jones 1975
Term
crime control period 1980-2005
Definition
schall v martin 1984-
court halts juvenile system towards adult
reaffirmed parens patriae
Term
kids are different 2005-now
Definition
miller v alabama and jackson v hobbs 2012
the courts bar manditory sentancing for juveniles offenders to life w/o parole recognizing capacity for change distinguished difference between them and adults
Term
4 categories of juvenile jurisdiction
Definition
1.deliquancey
2.status of offenses
3.neglect
4.dependency
Term
proceedings begin with what
Definition
a petition not a warrant
Term
transfer to adult court
Definition
45 states allow waiver to adult court
Term
adjudication
Definition
juvenile records remain sealed
Term
disposition
Definition
dispositional hearing to see if found delinquent
rehab is only goal
Term
intermediate sanctions
Definition
goal to avoid incarceration if possible
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