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Civil War Vocab
Lurgio Middle School; Pod 7 South
32
Social Studies
7th Grade
06/01/2013

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Term
Border States
Definition
Important to Union Strategy; Maryland Delaware, Tennessee, Missouri. Divided over which side to support
Term
Antebellum
Definition
Period of time between 1812 and 1860. "before the war" Used to label pre-war south
Term
Embalmed Beef
Definition
Food rations. Nickname Union soldiers gave canned beef
Term
Haversack
Definition
White canvas bag of one square foot. Held rations and other supplies. Waterproof and a flag and buckle. Officers had custom leather ones
Term
Mason-Dixon Line
Definition
Most commonly known as the division between free north and slave south during the Civil War era
Term
Martial Law
Definition
Type of rule when military is in charge and Bill of Rights freedoms suspended
Term
Rebels
Definition
Names given to members of the Confederate Army. Aka Johnny Red
Term
Yankees
Definition
Name given to members of the Union Army. Aka Army of the Potomac (Pa-to-mic)
Term
Blockade Runners
Definition
Fas ships used by the Confederates to break Union ships. Crucial to Confederate war effort once Union blockade was in place
Term
Ironclad
Definition
Iron plated ships used by both sides in the war. Battle of Hampton Roads: USS Monitor fought CSS Virginia (originally USS Merrimac) first Ironclad battle
Term
Abolitionist
Definition
Someone who wishes to abolish or get rid of slavery
Term
Hardtack
Definition
Hard cracker made of flour, salt, an water. Similar to Saltines. Used as filler instead of perishables Commonly during long sea voyages.
Term
Emancipation Proclamation
Definition
Issued by president Lincoln on January 1, 1863. Applies only to lands outside the Union. Excluded more than 1 million slaves mostly in border states. Political gamble did not free any slaves
Term
Copperheads
Definition
Peace democrats who wanted to end the war. called "copperheads" in comparison to poisonous snakes. Strongest north of the Ohio river. Died out
Term
Habeas Corpus
Definition
Legal right for persons not to be taken from home without a legal right or cause. Not be detained or punished by officials with out getting a fair hearing.
Term
Greenbacks
Definition
Slang term for US dollars. US notes or paper money printed by government not backed by gold or silver. Legal tender for paying debts. Originally issued to pay expenses incurred by the Union during the Civil War
Term
Conscription or Draft
Definition
Drafting of men for military service. Lincoln used increase the size of the Union army.
Term
Strategy
Definition
In military term: the art or science of planning and conducting a war. Overall plan of how to defeat an army
Term
Total War
Definition
destroying the enemy armies as well as its resources or war making capabilities. Citizens suffered as much as the armies. General William Tecumseh Scherman is the first military commander to intentionally use total war
Term
Bounty
Definition
A sum of many paid to people to join the war. North particularly used bounty. Bounties varied between states and regiments and martial status or race
Term
Kepi
Definition
A cap worn by soldiers official part of the uniform. Varied in color based on the unit
Term
Housewife
Definition
A small sewing kit given to soldiers to repair their uniform
Term
Slouch Hat
Definition
A wide brimmed hat, sometimes worn instead of the kepi mainly by officers
Term
Foraging
Definition
Roving the countryside in search of food sometimes taking from farmers. Both sides foraged. Word bummer; soldier that would take needed items
Term
Artillery
Definition
A cannon, mounted guns, and other large weapons
Term
Bayonet
Definition
A weapon like a knife attached to the front end of a rifle.
Term
Cavalry
Definition
Group of men fighting from horseback, sometimes used as scouts
Term
Infantry
Definition
A group of men fighting on foot
Term
Causalities
Definition
Military term for killed, wounded, or missing soldiers in war
Term
Income Tax
Definition
Tax by government on the money people receive from their employer
Term
Inflation
Definition
Price goes up while wages stay the same. Things cost more and your money buys less
Term
Zouave
(zoo-a-vae)
Definition
Title given to certain infantries of volunteers. Uniforms were short open front jackets, open front trousers and sashes sometimes oriental headgear. UNion: 70 regimens Confederacy: 25
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