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| 1) The Constitution was silent on the issue of equality until the addition of the Civil War Amendments. |
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| 2) Abolitionists worked towards |
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| 3) In Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857), the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that slaves were |
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| 4) In Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857), the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that |
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| C) the Missouri compromise was unconstitutional. |
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| 5) Slavery was banned throughout the United States by the |
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| 6) The Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth Amendments are collectively known as the |
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| 7) Slavery and involuntary servitude were banned by the _______ Amendment. |
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| 8) In Plessy v. Ferguson, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that |
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| A) “separate but equal” was constitutional. |
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| 9) In the years after the Supreme Court’s decision in Plessy v. Ferguson, public accommodations in the South were largely |
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| B) segregated and unequal. |
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| 10) The Nineteenth Amendment establishes |
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| 11) During the 1930s, the NAACP decided it was time to launch a challenge to the precedent set by Plessy. To do so, they used a strategy of |
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| 12) What was the first legal challenge against segregation launched by the NAACP? |
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| D) segregated law schools |
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| 13) In 1955, the Montgomery bus boycott began after ________ refused to give up his/her seat on a public bus. |
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| 14) What was the strategy for expanding African-American civil rights that was first employed in the Montgomery Bus Boycott? |
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| 15) Who was a leader of the Montgomery Bus Boycott? |
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| A) Martin Luther King, Jr. |
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| 16) A hallmark of the Reverend Martin Luther King, Jr.’s strategy to achieve equality was |
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| 17) In August 1963, Martin Luther King, Jr. led a huge march on Washington that culminated in |
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| C) the assassination of John F. Kennedy. |
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| 18) The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission was created by |
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| C) the Civil Rights Act of 1964. |
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| 19) A When was the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) added to the Constitution? |
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| D) The Equal Rights Amendment was never added |
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| 20) Initially, most of the efforts of the National Organization for Women were directed at |
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| A) gaining equality for women. |
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| 21) Among the more popular arguments against the proposed ERA were that |
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| A. it would damage the structure of the American family |
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| 22) Women earn about three-fourths of what men earn. |
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| 23) The Supreme Court has created a “strict scrutiny” test for laws that categorize people by race, because these classifications are considered |
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| C) suspect classifications. |
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| 24) Which of the following groups is most likely to work on civil rights issues affecting Hispanic Americans? |
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| 25) In 1882, Congress passed the first law that explicitly prohibited immigration by people of a specific nationality. Which group was the subject of this law? |
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| 26) Indian tribes are permitted to run casinos because they |
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| D) are not subject to state and federal laws. |
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| 27) The "Don't Ask, Don't Tell" policy banned __________ from joining the military. |
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| 28) Why are Indian tribes permitted to run casinos? |
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| C) because tribal lands are not subject to state and federal laws |
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| 29) In their fight for civil rights, what advantage have gays and lesbians had over other minorities? |
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| C) They have higher average levels of income and education. |
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| 30) In 2003, the Supreme Court ruled for the rights of homosexuals in the case of |
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| 31) Recently, the U.S. Supreme Court has |
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| B) narrowed the scope of the Americans with Disabilities Act. |
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| 32) Prospective employees in which of the following professions would receive the least protection under the Americans with Disabilities Act? |
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| 33) In 1978, the Supreme Court first addressed the issue of affirmative action in Regents of the University of California v. Bakke. They ruled that |
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| D) race could be taken into account, but strict quotas were unconstitutional. |
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| 34) The Thirteenth Amendment bans slavery. |
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| 35) Slavery was the main cause of the Civil War. |
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| 36) The Nineteenth Amendment guarantees women the right to vote. |
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| 37) Women were granted the right to vote at the same time as African Americans. |
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| 38) President Harry Truman desegregated the U.S. military through an executive order. |
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| 39) Brown v. Board of Education was the most important women’s rights case in the twentieth century. |
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| 40) Brown v. Board of Education is considered by many to be the most important civil rights case of the twentieth century. |
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| 41) The Montgomery Bus boycotts were started by Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. when he refused to give up his seat on a public bus to a white woman. |
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| 42) The Montgomery bus boycott was the first successful nonviolent protest for civil rights. |
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| 43) De Jure discrimination is discrimination in the law |
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| 44) De jure discrimination has largely been eliminated in the United States. |
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| 45) A look at the racial composition of many public schools makes it clear that segregation still happens today. Why don’t the courts do more to prevent this? |
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| B) The Civil Rights Act bars de jure segregation, not de facto segregation. |
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| 46) The Supreme Court has ruled that neither governments nor private citizens can treat women differently from men. |
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| 47) The Civil Rights Act of 1964 and all federal statutes prohibiting discrimination are |
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| A) enforced by the civil rights division of the Justice Department. |
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| 48) The wage gap between men and women has shrunk in the past four decades to the point where it is barely perceptible. |
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| 49) American Indians have recovered some hunting, fishing, and land rights. |
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| 50) All gays and lesbians are barred from military service. |
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| 51) In Lawrence v. Texas, the Supreme Court determined that the state of Texas can prohibit consensual sodomy. |
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| 52) What does the Americans with Disabilities Act require? |
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| A) workplace accommodations for disabled Americans |
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| 53) Initially, most of the efforts of the National Organization for Women were directed at |
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| A) gaining equality for women. |
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| 54) ________ is the largest Hispanic group in the United States. |
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| C) The League of United Latin American Citizens |
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| 55) The National Council of La Raza was founded in 1968 and borrowed many of its tactics from |
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| A) the black civil rights movement. |
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| 56) Which of the following groups has been the least successful in pursuing their civil rights claims? |
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| 57) The struggle for civil rights is not limited to the court system. |
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| 58) The women’s suffrage amendment passed in 1920. |
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| 60) As late as 1970, the U.S. Supreme Court refused to apply the protections of the equal protection clause to discrimination against women. |
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| 61) MALDEF is a civil rights group that tends to litigation in a wide range of areas of concern to |
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| B) were not made U.S. citizens until 1924. |
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| 63) Which state has the largest Asian and Pacific American population? |
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| 59) Where does the constitution discuss equality? |
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