Term
|
Definition
| Separation of people of different races |
|
|
Term
| Influence of WWII on Civil Rights Movement |
|
Definition
| When African-American soldiers who fought for freedom and democracy in WWII came home, they were faced with Jim Crow laws in the South and elsewhere. They wondered how it was okay to put their lives on the line for freedom and then not get that freedom. |
|
|
Term
| National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) |
|
Definition
| Organization created to push for equal rights for minorities. Very successful in the courts. An example was the NAACP's lawyers winning the Brown vs. Board case. |
|
|
Term
| Plessy vs. Ferguson (1894) |
|
Definition
| A Supreme Court decision in which the "separate but equal" doctrine was declared legal. This lead to the expansion of Jim Crow laws in many communities in the United States. |
|
|
Term
| Brown vs. Board of Education - Topeka, Kansas (1954) |
|
Definition
| Supreme Court strikes down the "separate but equal" doctrine it created with the Plessy vs. Ferguson case. The decision stated that public schools may no longer be segregated in the United States and had to be integrated "with all deliberate speed." |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A 14 year old Chicago native, Emmitt Till was murdered in Mississippi for reportedly saying, "Bye, baby." The outrage from this murder and resulting "not guilty" verdict of two white men in court focused attention on the plight of blacks in the South. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| In 1957, Central High in Little Rock, Arkansas, admitted nine black students in an attempt to follow the Brown vs. Board decision. however, students and citizens of the city attempted to block these nine students from attending. President Dwight Eisenhower sent troops to ensure their safety. This shows us the length to which people will go to fight integration. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An NAACP employee, Rosa Parks was arrested for refusing to give up her seat to a white person in Montgomery, Alabama in 1955. Her arrest led to the Montgomery Bus Boycott. |
|
|
Term
| Montgomery Bus Boycott (1956) |
|
Definition
| African-Americans in Montgomery, Alabama refuse to ride the city busses because of the arrest of Rosa Parks and city policies that require blacks to give up seats to whites. The boycott was led by a young Martin Luther King. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Comes to prominence as a civil rights leader during the Montgomery Bus Boycott. He advocates civil disobedience. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A non-violent refusal to follow unjust laws. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Elected in 1960 and hopes to make advances in civil rights, education, and aid for the poor with his "New Frontier." Assassinated in Dallas, Texas in 1963. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| President from 1962 to 1968. His "Great Society" focused on reducing poverty, promoting equality and civil rights, and fixing decaying cities. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Established health insurance program for the elderly. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Provides health and medical assistance to low income families. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Bans discrimination based on face, gender, religion, and nationality. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Peaceful protest used in the Civil Rights era against segregated lunch counters. |
|
|
Term
| Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) |
|
Definition
| Student group, once led by John Lewis, who took an active role in the Civil Rights movement. Members were on the Freedom Rides, in sit-ins, and marches. They also were active in attempting to register blacks to vote in the South. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| White and black protesters rode busses to check to see if desegregation laws were being enforced. They were met with violence. The media covered this and spread word of attacks, gaining support for the Civil Rights Movement. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| First African American to register at the University of Mississippi (Ole Miss). Two people were killed in the violence that broke out. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Protests lead to Sheriff Bull Connor filling the prisons with children, then using dogs an fire hoses on them. Later, the Sixteenth Street Baptist Church was bombed during Sunday school, killing four young girls. These events were well documented by the media, who spread word to the rest of America of the level of racism in this city. |
|
|
Term
| March on Washington (August 28, 1963) |
|
Definition
| Peace march to the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C. of over 200,000 people. Speeches included Dr. King's, "I Have a Dream" speech. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Protests become more violent and the murder of three civil rights workers in Mississippi shock the nation. The resulting FBI investigation sees the first federal civil rights bust in Mississippi. |
|
|
Term
| Bloody Sunday (March 9, 1965) |
|
Definition
| Marches in Selma, Alabama attacked by state troops on the Edmund Pettus Bridge as they were peacefully marching to the Alabama capital of Montgomery. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Pushed by LBJ, this laws banned any restrictions on the right to vote (literacy tests, poll taxes, etc.) |
|
|
Term
| Women's Liberation Movement |
|
Definition
| Sought equality for women in education and employment (wages) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Mandates that schools provide opportunities for women to participate in athletics. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Organizes the United Farm Workers in attempt to raise pay and reduce hours. Especially impacts Mexican-American migrant workers. |
|
|
Term
| Education for All Handicapped Children Act (1975) |
|
Definition
| Mandates that school provide special education services. |
|
|
Term
| Indian Civil Rights Act of 1965 |
|
Definition
| Protects the constitutional rights of Native Americans and allows Native Americans to make their own laws on reservations. |
|
|
