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Civil Rights Movement
Cases and events, even a few people, from the Civil Rights Movement.
30
Political Studies
12th Grade
10/15/2009

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Cards

Term
Dred Scott v. Sanford
Definition
Denied citizenship to African Americans.
Term
14th Amendment
Definition
1868
States cannot discriminate. Equal protection under the law. Due process of law extended to all.
Term
Freedom Riders
Definition
Group of activists who rode on buses from Washington D.C. to New Orleans (becoming interstate commerce) to test Boynton v. Virginia. They were attacked in Birmingham by the KKK.
Term
Boynton v. Virginia
Definition
1960
Supreme Court outlawed racial segregation in the restaurants and waiting rooms in terminals serving buses that crossed state lines.
Term
Klu Klux Klan (KKK)
Definition
A hate group who tormented, tortured, and killed many African Americans during the Civil Rights movement. They still exist today.
Term
Rosa Parks
Definition
Refused to give up her seat at the front of a bus.
Term
Martin Luther King, Jr.
Definition
One of the biggest leaders of the movement. He is an American icon, delivered the "I have a dream" speech.
Term
Sit-ins
Definition
A peaceful tool used by the activists to demonstrate their right to be served at restaurants.
Term
Thurgood Marshall
Definition
The first African American on the Supreme Court. He was also the lawyer in the Brown v. Board of Education case.
Term
Jim Crow Laws
Definition
Cruel set of rules and regulations enforced, often through violence, heavily in the South. They imposed restrictions on voting through poll taxes, literacy tests, and the grandfather clause.
Term
Plessy v. Ferguson
Definition
1896
Established "separate but equal." Constitutionally upheld segregation.
Term
Brown v. Board of Education
Definition
1954
Struck down "separate but equal." Court bans segregation in public schools.
Term
Topeka, Kansas
Definition
Monroe Elementary School in this town is the school which was first desegregated, and the reason for the Brown v. Board of Education case.
Term
Earl Warren
Definition
The judge who ruled in the case Brown v. Board of Education.
Term
Little Rock Nine
Definition
A group of students who were barred from entering school after the desegregation law. President Eisenhower intervened in order to insure their safety.
Term
Judicial Activism
Definition
The courts step up to pass laws Congress won't.
Term
Judicial Restraint
Definition
Congress steps up to pass laws the courts won't.
Term
Civil Rights Act of 1964
Definition
Outlawing discrimination based on (1)race, (2)religion, (3)national origin, and, later(4)gender.

The Act applies to (1)firms with more than 25 employees, (2)public accommodations, (3)any program or astivity receiving federal funds.
Term
Voting Rights Act
Definition
1982
Outlawing of electoral systems of discrimination. Creation of Black Majority districts.
Term
Civil Rights Act of 1991
Definition
Rights of victims of discrimination to sue.
Term
Affirmative Action
Definition
From the civil rights movement in the 1960s, included employment, quotas, and university admissions benefits for minorities.
Term
Regents of University of California v. Bakke
Definition
1978
White applicant denied admission to medical school because 16 slots were reserved to minorities. The court ordered that he be admitted, but deemed that race can still be a consideration for admissions.
Term
Bilingual Education Act
Definition
1978
Instruction in the native language in public schools
Term
Simpson-Mazzoli Act
Definition
1986
Granting legal status to aliens arriving to U.S. prior to 1982.
Punishment for hiring illegal aliens.
Term
Seneca Falls
Definition
Women's Rights convention - plead for the right to vote, education, and employment equality.
Term
Equal Rights amendment
Definition
The rights bill that was never ratified.
Term
Discrimination Act of 1978
Definition
An employer cannot refuse to hire or promote a woman because she's pregnant.
Term
Civil Rights & Women's Equity and Employment Act
Definition
1991
Damage awards for discrimination - but must prove case.
Term
Civil Service Reform Act
Definition
1978
No homosexual discrimination in hiring. The military implemented the "don't ask, don't tell" policy.
Term
Establishment Clause
Definition
Prohibits the establishment of a church officially supported by the national government.
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