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Civil Liberties Exam 1
Civil Liberties Vocab
37
Other
Undergraduate 1
03/01/2016

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Term
Hecklers Veto
Definition
ability hostile onlookers to disrupt peaceful speech
Term
imminent lawless action
Definition
speech not protected by 1st amendment if the speaker intends to incite a violation of the law that is both imminent and likely
Term
unconventional religious practices
Definition
religious rituals outside the mainstream
Term
incorporation
Definition
process by which american courts have applied portions of the bill of right to states under the 14th amendment
Term
least restrictive means
Definition
standard when considering the validity of legislation that touches upon constitutional rights requiring least restrictive measures to achieve the goal
Term
lemon test
Definition
doctrine that say in order to be constitutional, a policy must have, non-religious purpose, not end up promoting religious reliefs
Term
libel
Definition
to publish in print, broadcast, an untruth about another witch with harm their reputation
Term
natural rights
Definition
rights not dependent on laws, customs, or beliefs, therefore universal and inalienable
Term
preferred freedoms
Definition
doctrine that some constitutional freedoms, principally, those guaranteed by the 1st amendment, are fundamental in a free society
Term
prior restraint
Definition
attempt to prevent publication of a statement, which is an unconstitutional restraint on free speech and free press
Term
public forum
Definition
place that has, by tradition or practice been held out for general use by the public for speech-related purposes
Term
pure speech
Definition
communication by the spoken word alone
Term
seditious speech
Definition
language that stirs up rebellion or supports overthrowing a government
Term
separation of church and state
Definition
1st amendment doctrine that holds there must be a "wall" between religion and government
Term
slander
Definition
oral defamation in which someone tells one or more persons an untruth about another, untruth will harm the reputation
Term
strict scrutiny
Definition
most demanding level of judicial review
Term
symbolic speech
Definition
communicating a message with actions and objects instead of words
Term
time, place, manner regulations
Definition
limits the government can impose on occasion, location, and type of individual expression in some circumstances
Term
unalienable rights
Definition
rights inherent inhumanity that cannot be denied
Term
bill of attainder
Definition
legislative act which declares a named person guilty of a crime
Term
civil rights
Definition
right to vote, opportunity to enjoy the benefits of a democratic society, such as equal access to schools
Term
clear and present danger
Definition
doctrine established by Schenk v U.S. which is used to determine if a situation creates a threat to the public
Term
compelling state
Definition
a governmental interest which is so important it outweighs individual rights, like educating children
Term
content neutral
Definition
regulations on speech without regard to its subjects matter
Term
creation science
Definition
effort to provide scientific evidence supporting the account of creation of the universe related in the bible
Term
defamation
Definition
act of making untrue statements about another which damages reputation
Term
double jeopardy
Definition
placing someone on trial a second time for an offense for which they have been previously acquitted, even when need evidence is presented
Term
establishment conduct
Definition
the part of the first amendment that keeps the government from supporting religion
Term
expressive conduct
Definition
communicative conduct that is the behavioral equivalent of speech
Term
free exercise clause
Definition
the part of the first amendment that prevents the government from restricting peoples religious practices
Term
free marketplace of ideas
Definition
truth will emerge from the competition of ideas in free, transparent public discourse
Term
freedom of assembly
Definition
individual right to come together, express, promote, defend ideas
Term
freedom of association
Definition
right to join or leave groups of the persons choosing
Term
freedom of expression
Definition
right of individual to hold opinions without interference
Term
freedom of speech
Definition
right to communicate one opinion without fear of censorship
Term
freedom of press
Definition
freedom of communication and expression through mediums including medias
Term
habeas corpus
Definition
write directing that law enforcement officials who have custody of a prisoner rot appear in court to determine if prisoner is being lawfully held
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