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| the study of citizenship and government |
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| the organizations, institutions, and individuals who exercise political authority over a group of people |
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| a legally recognized member of a country |
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| the legal process by which an alien may become a citizen |
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| an official, periodic counting of a population |
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| person who came here from another country |
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| equality, liberty, and justice for all people |
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| form of government in which the people elect representatives to carry on the work of government for them |
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| people elect representatives to carry on the work of government for them |
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| loose association, rather than a firm union of states |
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| written plan of government |
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| voters in a community meet in one place to make laws and decide what action to take |
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| people of a nation either are directly or they elect officials who act on their behalf |
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| division of government powers between the federal government and the state |
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| president's power to reject a bill |
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| distribution of political power among the 3 branches of government |
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| introduction that explains why the Constitution was written |
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| powers the Constitution specifically gives to the federal government |
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| written change to the Constitution |
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| seperation of church and state |
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| division between government and religion |
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| rights guaranteed to all US citizens |
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| first 10 amendments to Constitution |
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| no person can be denied life, liberty, or property |
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| having to testify oneself |
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| power to take private property by public use |
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| a lawmaking body of two houses |
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| powers not specifically listed but are neccesary to carry out powers granted to Congress |
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| combined meeting at both houses of Congress |
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| charge an official with misconduct |
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| law being considered by lawmaking body |
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| refusal of president / government to sign a bill |
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| delaying action on a bill by making long speeches |
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| to allows Congress to stretch its power |
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| government plan for interacting with other countries of the world |
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| peace agreements with other countries |
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| highest ranking military officers in armed forces |
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| head of the department general |
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| order in which office of president is filled when vacant |
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| title for most cabinent members |
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| formal document that allows citizens to travel abroad |
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| highest ranking of US representatives in foreign countries |
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| the art of interacting with foreign countries |
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| any behavior that is illegal |
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| law coming from judges' decisions that rely on common sense |
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| process by which person asks a higher court to review out of the trial |
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| has the power to review decisions made by lower courts |
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| refers to the group of laws that detire what acts as crimes |
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| based on Constitution and on Supreme Court decisions interpreting the Constitution |
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| power allows court to decide whether a law or a presidential action is in agreement with Constitution |
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| authority of a court to hear and decide a case for the first time |
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| shared powers between state and federal government |
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| people represented by members of a lawmaking body |
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| the process of returning fugitives |
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| powers granted to federal government |
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| full faith and credit clause |
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| ensures that each state will accept the decision of civil courts in other states |
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| process by which citizens of a state may purpose a law by collecting signatures on a petition |
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| becomes head of the state executive branch if the govenor dies, resigns, or is removed from office |
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| method of referring potential laws directly to the people for approval |
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| powers given to the state |
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| a basic plan for a local government unit that defines its powers, responsibilities, and organization |
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| regulations that govern a community |
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| the power of a city to write it's own municipal charter and to manage it's own affairs |
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| a unit of local government that is incorporated by the state and has a large degree of self government |
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| all citizens meet regularly to discuss town issues |
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| a division of state government formed to carry out state laws, collect taxes,and supervise elections in a single small area |
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| largest type of municipality |
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| primary electin in which only voters who are members of the party can vote for the party's candidates |
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| agreement between two or more political parties to work together to run a government |
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| person elected by the voters in a presidential election to be a member of the electoral college |
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| group of electors that casts the official votes that elect the president and vice president |
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| written statement outlining a political party's views on issues and describing the programs it proposes |
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| differences in political views held by the different political parties |
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| votes cast by citizens in a presidential election |
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| local voting districts in a country, city, or board |
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