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| Principle of the Federal Government according to the U.S. Constitution, that allows each branch of government to limit the powers of the other branches. |
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| Period in History of reasoning |
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Social Contract
"Life, Liberty and property" |
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| Agreement between people and government |
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Laws passed to protect the natural rights of people
Rights that you are born with and cannot be taken away |
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| separating government into three branches - Legislative, Executive and Judicial |
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| person's ability to be free and independent |
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| representatives from the 13 colonies who participated in writing the Declaration of Independence |
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| Thomas Paine- Common Sense |
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| pamphlet (flyer) to convince colonists to support independence from Britain |
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| law based on customs and prior decisions - used in civil cases |
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Expanded powers of English Parliament and the rights of the people
Right to bear arms and petition the King
Consent of the people was necessary in gov. |
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| gov. must provide a reason for holding a person in jail |
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| King or Queen share powers with elected legislature and agree to follow constitution |
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limited power of the King - protects the rights of the people
Rule of Law |
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| document that introduced self government and social contract |
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| people create and run the government |
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| English Legislature (People that make laws) |
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| merchandise, objects or things for sale or trade |
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| $$$ money charged by a gov. for specific service or facilities |
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| Taxation Without Representation |
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| colonist belief that it was unfair to tax people without having a voice/ vote in gov. |
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| first 10 amendments to the Constitution |
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| Declaration of Independence |
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| Document written in 1776 - described the natural rights of life Liberty and Happiness - These rights are unalienable - Thomas Jefferson |
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| Consent of the governed (people) |
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| government gets its power from the people |
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| use of authority or power in a cruel - unfair way |
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| a gov. that abuses its power |
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| whatever an individual defines as making them happy - Declaration of Independence |
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| Articles of Confederation |
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the FIRST constitution of the United States.
WEAKNESSES:
No power to tax, regulate trade, enforce laws, No national court system. Amendments to Articles needed all 13 states to agree |
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| Constitutional Convention |
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| meeting where delegates/ representatives decided to throw out the Articles of Confederation and replace with constitution |
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| Confederation/ Confederal System |
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| States have MOST power - little power given to central government |
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| to control, govern or direct according to rule |
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| ti rise up against authority or government |
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| Farmers in Mass. rebelled against land foreclosure - getting their land taken away- Made gov realize strong Central Gov was needed |
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| Introduction of U.S. Constitution |
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| make a fair and honest system |
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| form a more perfect Union |
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| create a better gov. for all |
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| insure domestic tranquility |
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| gov. will protect citizens from conflict / trouble |
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| promote the general welfare |
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| gov will focus on the well- being of all people |
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| provide for the common defense |
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| protect the country from other countries |
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| secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity |
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| secure freedom for us now and future generations |
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| Constitutional Government |
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| gov based on a written set of laws that all citizens agree to- Constitution is highest law of the land |
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| bring charges of wrongdoing against a public official (such as the president) |
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| Established Judicial Review - Judicial Branch can check the actions of the other 2 branches and decide if they are unconstitutional |
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| favored strong central/ federal/ national government. Favored the Constitution |
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Opposed the Constitution - feared (scared of) strong national gov.
Supported adding Bill of Rights to protect people |
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| Necessary and Proper Clause |
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Power of Congress to make laws they view as necessary and proper - Their implied powers -
also known as the Elastic Clause |
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| Gov where power is shared between the states and national gov. |
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| Defines Citizenship - Grants citizenship to former slaves |
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| written request to a person in authority - king/ president |
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| No one is above the law (even the president must follow the law) |
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| Provides rights to the accused - Right to a speedy trial |
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| Rights for the accused - No excessive bail or fines and freedom from cruel and unusual punishment |
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| Freedom from unreasonable search and seizure - Need a warrant! |
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| protection for the accused - Right to remain silent - No double jeopardy |
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| gov headed by a king or queen - rules for life |
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| Rights of the accused to have laws that treat them fairly so they do not lose their life or liberty without legal rights protected |
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| laws that deals with crimes |
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| U.S. Constitution is the supreme/ highest law of the land |
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| law that deals with people under the age of 18 |
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| laws that apply to people in the military |
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| law that focuses on interpreting the U.S. Constitution |
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| Law that deals with relationships between people (law suits, property $$$) |
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| setting an example for future |
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| person who comes to a country to live there permanently |
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Natural Born Citizens:
Law of Blood
Law of Soil |
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Law of Blood person who is born to parent(s) of U.S. Citizens
Law of Soil person who is born in the USA |
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| Process by which an immigrant becomes a citizen |
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| Process of Naturalization |
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Must be at least 18 years old
Resident of the U.S. for 5 years
Application
Interview and fingerprint
Test
Pledge Oath of allegiance |
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| person living in a country for a limited amount of time |
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| person running for office |
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| written statement of the goals of a political party |
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| Voting Rights Act of 1965 |
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| Banned race discrimination in voting |
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something you MUST do:
Pay taxes
Obey the laws
Register for Selective Svc.
Serve on Juries |
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Something you should do:
vote
volunteer
attend community meetings
petition the gov |
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| System which requires men between the ages of 18-25 to register with military svc. |
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| Freedom of Religion, Assembly, Petition the gov. , Of the Press, Freedom of speech |
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| 1st amendment rights - Freedom of speech for students |
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| law that makes an action a crime after the crime has been committed. |
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| right of the gov to take private property for public use. 5th amendment states people MUST be paid fair amount for their property |
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| refusal to obey certain laws as a form of PROTEST |
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| Abolished (got rid of) slavery |
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| Stated that race could not be used as a reason for taking away someone's right to vote |
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| extended suffrage (the right to vote) to women |
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| stated that poll tax (fee paid to vote) was illegal |
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| lowered voting age from 21 to 18 |
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| Group of people who are concerned with a particular issue and who try to influence law makers to act in their favor. |
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