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Civics & Economics
Test Two Flash Cards
46
Economics
10th Grade
02/19/2009

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Cards

Term
Why did the colonies decide they needed a national government in addition to a state government?
Definition
American's began to fear that the government could do nothing to protect their safety. Riots broke out in several states. After Shay's Rebellion many political leaders, merchants, etc. argued that a stronger national government was needed. Leaders were sent to Philadelphia to revise the Articles of Confederation.  
Term
What were some of the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation?
Definition

It lacked power and money. Congress could not collect taxes, regulate trade, or enforce laws. Under the articles there was no single leader or group. There was no court system. Congress could not pass laws without approval of 9 states. The Articles could not be changed without all 13 states approving the change.

Term
What were the strengths of the Articles of Confederation?
Definition
It established a system for cooperation or "league of friendship". It set up a one-house legislation. The government body had control over the army and authority to deal with foreign countries on behalf of the states.
Term
What was the Ordinance of 1785?
Definition
This Ordinance set up a system for taking a measurement of an area of land (surveying) and selling the western lands.
Term
Why did the delegates think the Articles of Confederation needed to be replaced?
Definition
They had serious problems. Congress had difficulty passing laws because they needed 9 states voted in favor. Any attempt to amend or change the Articles required all of the states to agree (unanimously). Congress had difficulty accomplishing anything. Congress could not enforce laws either. It did not provide for a governor or courts.
Term
What did the Three-Fifths Compromise solve?
Definition
It solved the argument over how slaves should be counted for representation purposes. The Southern states wanted to count them to increase their voting power in Congress. The compromise allowed every 3 of 5 slaves to be counted.
Term
Why was the U.S. Constitution called a blueprint for running our country?
Definition

It is the highest authority in the nation. It is the basic law of the United States. The powers of the three branches of government come from the Constitution.

Term
How are the states involved in ratifying amendments?
Definition

If a proposal is made:

Three fourths of the states must ratify it. The states have two ways of doing this: by a vote of either the state legislature or by a special state convention. Only one amendment has been ratified by means of a state convention (21st). 

Term
Name the five principles of government embodied in the U.S. Constitution.
Definition

1-Popular Sovereignty: power lies with the people

2-Rule of Law: limits power of fed gov and states, everyone must follow laws, no one is above the law.

3-Separation of Powers: three branches

4-Checks & Balances: each branch checks and limits the power of the other branches.

5-Federalism: power is divided between national and state governments.

Term
Establishing schools is a ________ power, according to the Constitution?
Definition
reserved
Term
What does Article I outline?
Definition
The powers of legislative branch, or Congress. The Senate and the House of Representatives will have all the lawmaking authority.
Term
What does Article II outline?
Definition
The executive branch, or the branch headed by the president and vice-president. It lists the presidents power, including the power to command the armed forces and make treaties.
Term
What does Article III outline?
Definition
The judicial branch that interprets the laws. It calls for one "supreme court" and other courts deemed necessary.
Term
What does the supremacy clause state?
Definition
The Constitution and other laws/treaties made by the national government "shall be the supreme Law of the Land".
Term
What is the difference between libel and slander? 
Definition

Libel - lies in print

Slander (think of speak, slander and speak both start with the letter "s")- lies that are spoken

Term
How did the 9th and 10th amendment limit the power of the government?
Definition
The 9th makes it clear that citizens have other rights beyond what is listed in the Constitution. The 10th states that federal government is limited only to the powers it is granted in the Constitution. The 10th prevents the president or Congress from becoming too strong.
Term

What prevented many African Americans from voting?

Definition
Poll Taxes - a poll tax was a charge, tax or amount to be able to vote. Many African Americans could not afford it so it prevented them from voting.
Term
How does the 5th amendment help someone accused of a crime?
Definition

A person cannot be indicted without a group of citizens(grand jury).A person who is indicted is not necesarily guilty.It means they may have committed a crime.A citizen cannot be put on trial for the same crime if proven innocent(double jeopardy).Due process(legal procedures)must be followed.It protects eminent domain(private property for public use).

Term
What were the voting amendments?
Definition

15 - no restrictions based on race/color

19- women get to vote

23 - DC gets 3

24 - abolishes poll taxes

26 - voting @ age 18

 

Term
1st Amendment?
Definition

PROTECTS CIVIL LIBERTIES:

R - Religion

A - Assembly

P - Press

P - Petition

S - Speech

Term
2nd Amendment?
Definition
The right to bear arms
Term
3rd Amendment?
Definition
No quartering soldiers during peace time
Term
4th Amendment?
Definition
unreasonable search and seizure
Term
5th Amendment?
Definition

protects those accused of crimes

 

Term
6th amendment?
Definition

additional rights to those accused of crimes

-trial by jury

-speedy and public trial

-can call witnesses

-jury of peers

-a lawyer

-lawyer provided if cannot afford

Term
7th amendment?
Definition
lawsuits/disagreements between people about property over $20
Term
8th Amendment?
Definition

-Protects a person from paying excessive fines

-no cruel and unusual punishment

-punishment for a crime should be fair

 

Term
9th Amendment?
Definition
Citizens do have other rights beyond those listed in the Constitution.
Term
10th Amendment?
Definition

Federal government is limited only to the powers it is granted in the Constitution.

Term
11th Amendment?
Definition
places limits on suits against states
Term
12th Amendment?
Definition
Procedure for electing president and vice-president
Term
13th Amendment?
Definition
Abolishes slavery
Term
14th Amendment?
Definition
Guarantees all citizens "equal protection of the laws"
Term
15th Amendment?
Definition
prohibits restrictions on the right to vote based on race and color
Term
16th Amendment?
Definition
Income Tax
Term
17th Amendment?
Definition
voters elect senators directly
Term
18th Amendment?
Definition
No alcohol
Term
19th Amendment?
Definition
women right to vote
Term
20th Amendment?
Definition
changes the dates of congressional and presidential terms (20th of January)
Term
21st Amendment?
Definition
Repeals Prohibition (18th amendment/alcohol)
Term
22nd Amendment?
Definition
Two terms for president
Term
23rd Amendment?
Definition
D.C. gets 3 (residents the right to vote)
Term
24th Amendment?
Definition
abolishes poll taxes
Term
25th Amendment?
Definition

establishes procedures for succession to the presidency

Term
26th Amendment?
Definition
sets voting age to 18 years
Term
27th Amendment?
Definition
delays congressional pay raises until the term following the passage
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