Term
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Definition
| network that encompasses the world |
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Term
| why does networking seem complex? |
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Definition
| lack of consistency in field, different terminology |
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Term
| How are network services provided? |
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Definition
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Term
| Definition of data communications |
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Definition
| refers to the study of low-level mechanisms and technologies used to send information across a physical communication medium . focuses on ways to use physical phenomena to transfer information |
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Term
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Definition
| provides basis for internet, allows multiple users to share a network |
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Term
| TCP/IP Internet Protocol Suite |
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Definition
| takes virtualization approach that defines a network-independent packet and identify |
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Term
| 4 types of private networks |
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Definition
| consumer, small office, small to medium business, large enterprise |
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Term
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Definition
| design protocols in sets called suites or families to allow them to work the most efficiently |
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Term
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Definition
| fundamental abstraction used to collect protocols into a unified whole |
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Term
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Definition
bottom to top-
Physical, network interface, internet, transport, application |
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Term
| Two basic communication paradigms of the internet? |
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Definition
| stream transport and message transport |
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Term
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Definition
| denotes a paradigm in which a sequence of bytes flows from one application program to another- no meaning to the bytes and no boundaries |
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Term
| Definition of message paradigm |
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Definition
| network accepts and delivers a message- if sender places x amount of bytes outgoing, the receiving finds exactly x bytes incoming |
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Term
| 3 paradigm of Message transport |
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Definition
| Unicast, Multicast, and broadcast |
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Term
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Definition
| a message can be sent from an application on one computer directly to an application on another, 1-to-1 |
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Term
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Definition
| a message can be multicast to some of the computers on a network, 1-to-many |
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Term
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Definition
| a message can be broadcast to all computers on a given network, 1-to-all |
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Term
| Problems of message transport |
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Definition
| lost, duplicated, or delivered out of order |
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Term
| Connection oriented communication |
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Definition
| internet stream service- two applications must request a connection then data can be sent, then the application is terminated after communication |
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Term
| how can a pair of applications that run on two independent computers coordinate to guarantee that they request a connection at the same time? |
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Definition
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Term
| Characteristics of Client Software |
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Definition
| is an arbitrary application program that becomes a client temporarily when remote access is needed. (invoked by user) (runs locally) |
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Term
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Definition
| privileged program, invoked automatically when a system boots |
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Term
| Why is a allowing one computer to operate multiple servers useful? |
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Definition
| hardware can be shared, has lower system administration overhead than multiple computer systems, demand for server is often sporadic |
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Term
| What does every computer have for server identification? |
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Definition
| a unique 32 bit identifier called IP address, and domain name system |
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Term
| How to identify a service? |
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Definition
| each service has a 16 bit known as port number |
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Term
| concurrent servers-2 components |
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Definition
| main program (thread) and handler |
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Term
| How to avoid a bottleneck? |
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Definition
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Term
| Application Program Interface |
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Definition
| interface an application uses to specify communication. de facto standard is known as socket API |
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Term
| two key aspects of an application-layer protocol |
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Definition
| data representation and data transfer |
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Term
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Definition
| hyperText markup language- representation standard use to specify contents and layout of a web page- declartive |
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Term
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Definition
| uniform resource locator- representation standard that specifies the format and meaning of web page identifiers |
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Term
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Definition
| HyperText Transfer Protocol- transfer protocl that specifies how a browser interacts with a web server to transfer data |
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Term
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Definition
specifies details for one aspect of computer communication including actions to be taken when errors or unexpected situations arise.
can specify low and high level details |
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Term
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Definition
| protocols specify how a pair of apps interact and communicate |
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Term
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Definition
| protocols provide communication for apps between computers |
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Term
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Definition
| protocols include details about about communication between high protocols and underlying network |
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Term
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Definition
| protocols specify details about underlying transmission and hardware |
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Term
| Organization that creates standards for data communication? |
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Definition
| International Standards Organization (ISO) |
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Term
| What shift has occurred in the internet from when the world wide web first appeared? |
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Definition
| resource sharing to general purpose communication |
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Term
| List two new internet applications |
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Definition
high quality teleconferencing- b2b communication
navigation systems- consumers military |
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