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CIS 110 CH 5 Terms
Computer Information Systems 110
40
Computer Science
Undergraduate 1
10/16/2012
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Term
4. Data security
 Definition
quality, and integrity are critical.
Term
5. Data governance
 Definition
is an approach to managing information across an entire organization.
Term
6. Master data management
 Definition
is a process that spans all of an organization’s business processes and applications.
Term
7. Master data
 Definition
are a set of core data that span all of an enterprise’s information systems.
Term
8. Data redundancy
 Definition
The same data are stored in many places.
Term
9. Data isolation
 Definition
Applications cannot access data associated with other applications.
Term
10. Data inconsistency
 Definition
Various copies of the data do not agree.
Term
11. Data security
 Definition
Keeping the organization’s data safe from theft, modification, and/or destruction.
Term
12. Data integrity
 Definition
Data must meet constraints (e.g., student grade point averages cannot be negative).
Term
13. Data independence
 Definition
Applications and data are independent of one another. Applications and data are not linked to each other, meaning that applications are able to access the same data.
Term
14. A bit
 Definition
is a binary digit, or a “0” or a “1”.
Term
15. A byte
 Definition
is eight bits and represents a single character (e.g., a letter, number or symbol).
Term
16. A field
 Definition
is a group of logically related characters (e.g., a word, small group of words, or identification number).
Term
17. A record
 Definition
is a group of logically related fields (e.g., student in a university database).
Term
18. A file
 Definition
is a group of logically related records.
Term
19. A database
 Definition
is a group of logically related files.
Term
20. The data model
 Definition
is a diagram that represents the entities in the database and their relationships.
Term
21. An entity
 Definition
is a person, place, thing, or event about which information is maintained. A record generally describes an entity.
Term
22. An attribute
 Definition
is a particular characteristic or quality of a particular entity.
Term
23. The primary key
 Definition
is a field that uniquely identifies a record.
Term
24. Secondary keys
 Definition
are other field that have some identifying information but typically do not identify the file with complete accuracy.
Term
25. Entity classes
 Definition
are groups of entities of a certain type.
Term
26. An instance
 Definition
of an entity class is the representation of a particular entity.
Term
27. Entity instances have identifiers
 Definition
which are attributes that are unique to that entity instance.
Term
28. A database management system
 Definition
is a set of programs that provide users with tools to add, delete, access, and analyze data stored in one location.
Term
29. The relational database model
 Definition
is based on the concept of two-dimensional tables.
Term
30. Structured query language
 Definition
allows users to perform complicated searches by using relatively simple statements or keywords.
Term
31. Query by example
 Definition
allows users to fill out a grid or template to construct a sample or description of the data he or she wants.
Term
32. Normalization
 Definition
is a method for analyzing and reducing a relational database to its most streamlined form for minimum redundancy, maximum data integrity, and best processing performance.
Term
33. A data warehouse
 Definition
is a repository of historical data organized by subject to support decision makers in the organization.
Term
34. Historical data
 Definition
in data warehouses can be used for identifying trends, forecasting, and making comparisons over time.
Term
35. Online analytical processing (OLAP)
 Definition
involves the analysis of accumulated data by end users (usually in a data warehouse).
Term
36. In contrast to OLAP
 Definition
online transaction processing (OLTP), typically involves a database, where data from business transactions are processed online as soon as they occur.
Term
37. Knowledge management
 Definition
is a process that helps organizations manipulate important Knowledge that is part of the organization’s memory, usually in an unstructured format.
Term
38. Knowledge
 Definition
that is contextual, relevant, and actionable.
Term
39. Intellectual capital
 Definition
is another term often used for knowledge.
Term
40. Explicit knowledge
 Definition
objective, rational, technical knowledge that has been documented. Examples, policies, procedural guides, reports, products, strategies, goals, core competencies.
Term
41. Tacit knowledge
 Definition
cumulative store of subjective or experiential learning. Examples, experiences, insights, expertise, know-how, trade secrets, understanding, skill sets, and learning.
Term
42. Knowledge management
 Definition
systems refer to the use of information technologies to systematize, enhance, and expedite intrafirm and interfirm knowledge management.
Term
43. Best practices
 Definition
are the most effective and efficient ways of doing things.
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