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CIS 110 CH 2 Terms
Computer Information Systems 110
53
Computer Science
Undergraduate 1
09/17/2012
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Term
1. Business Process:
 Definition
an ongoing collection of related activities that create a product of a service of value to the organization, its business partners, and/or its customers.
Term
2. Cross-functional business process:
 Definition
Multiple area functions collaborate to perform the process.
Term
3. Customer Satisfaction:
 Definition
The result of optimizing and aligning business processer to fulfill customers' needs, wants, and desires.
Term
5. Cycle and fulfillment time:
 Definition
the result of optimizing the manufacturing and logistics processes.
Term
4. Cost Reduction:
 Definition
The result of optimizing operating and supplier processes.
Term
6. Quality:
 Definition
The result of optimizing the design, development, and production processes.
Term
7. Differentiation:
 Definition
the result of optimizing the marketing and innovation processer.
Term
8. Productivity:
 Definition
The results of optimizing teach individual work processes.
Term
9. Business Process Reengineering (BPR):
 Definition
Strategy for improving the efficiency and effectiveness of an organization's business processes.
Term
10. Business Process Management (BPM):
 Definition
a management technique that includes methods and tools to support the design, analysis, implementation, management and optimization of business processes.
Term
11. Business Activity Monitoring (BAM):
 Definition
Real-time approach for measuring and managing business processes.
Term
12. Business Environment:
 Definition
The combination of social, legal, economic, physical, and political factors in which businesses conduct their operations.
Term
13. Market Pressures:
 Definition
Generated by the global economy, intense competition, changing nature of the workforce, and powerful customers.
Term
14. Globalization:
 Definition
Integration and interdependence of economic, social, cultural, and ecological facets of life, made possible by rapid advances in information technology.
Term
15. Customer Intimacy:
 Definition
Companies learning about their customers
Term
16. Customer Relationship Management (CRM):
 Definition
Organizational wide effort towards maximizing the customer experience.
Term
17. Technology Pressures:
 Definition
Technology Innovation and information overload.
Term
18. Societal/Political/Legal Pressures:
 Definition
Social responsibility, government regulation/deregulation, spending for social programs, spending to protect against terrorism, and ethics.
Term
19. Social Responsibility:
 Definition
Spending money/time to address various social problems.
Term
20. Digital Divide:
 Definition
The Gap between people who use technology to stay connected and those that don't.
Term
21. Make to Order:
 Definition
Process of making customizable product based on the persons order.
Term
22. Mass Customization:
 Definition
Making a mass amount of items, and then customizing them to a person's needs or wants.
Term
23. Electronic Commerce:
 Definition
Describes the process of buying selling, transferring, or exchanging, products, services, or information via computer networks, including the internet.
Term
24. E-Business:
 Definition
All of the above, except it adds the servicing customers, collaborating with business partners and performing electronic transactions within an organization.
Term
25. Competitive strategy:
 Definition
a statement that identifies a business's approach to complete, its goals, and the plans and policies that will be required to carry out those goals.
Term
26. Strategic information systems (SIS):
 Definition
Provide a competitive advantage by helping an organization implement its strategic goals and improve its performance and productivity.
Term
27. Competitive forces model:
 Definition
1. The Threat of entry of new competitors
a. Entry Barrier: a product of service that customers learned to expect
b. Intermediation role: link between buyers and sellers
2. The Bargaining power of suppliers
3. The Bargaining power of customers (buyers)
4. The threat of substitute products of services
a. Switching costs: are the costs, in money and time, of a decision to buy elsewhere.
5. The rivalry among existing firms in the industry
Term
28. Value Chain Model:
 Definition
identifies points where an organization can use information technology to achieve competitive advantage
Term
Primary Activities:
 Definition
relate to the production and distributing of the firm's products and services
Term
30. Support Activities:
 Definition
do not add value to a firm's products or services, instead contribute to the firms competitive advantage
Term
31. Value System:
 Definition
includes the suppliers that provide the inputs necessary to the firm along with their value chains.
Term
usiness-information technology alignment:
 Definition
the tight integration of the IT functions with the strategy, mission, and goals of the organization.
Term
Strategies for Competitive Advantage
 Definition
Cost Leader: I can sell at a lower cost than you can
Differentiation: I am better because I am different
Innovation: I'm doing something new and you can't catch up
Operational Effectiveness: I can do the same thing more efficiently than you
Customer Oriented: I treat my customers better than you do
Term
1. Deontological Ethics:
 Definition
Duty based view; moral worth of an action is NOT a product of the end or outcome. Actions and agents have inherent value.
Term
2. Teleological ethics:
 Definition
Goal driven theory; moral worth of an action IS a product of the end or outcome.
Term
3. Moral Objectivism:
 Definition
The truth of moral claims is independent of the group and the individual.
Term
4. Moral relativism:
 Definition
The truth of moral claims is relative to the group or individual.
Term
5. The principle of utility
 Definition
The greatest happiness principle, acting in such a way to maximize happiness for all concerned.
Term
6. Ethical egoism
 Definition
People SHOULD seek to promote their own self-interest.
Term
7. Ethical Altruism
 Definition
People SHOULD seek to promote the interests of others.
Term
8. Psychological Egoism
 Definition
People DO seek to promote their own self-interest.
Term
9. Moral Personhood
 Definition
Status beings can possess, the inherent value or dignity a person can have and that must be respected, we place limits on what can be done to the being based on this.
Term
10. Categorical imperative
 Definition
unconditional moral obligation that is binding in all circumstances and is not dependent on a person's purpose
Term
What does Categorical Imperative mean?
 Definition
Categorical imperative is a principle of moral law that is unconditional or absolute in all circumstances. The validity or claim of why you did such an action does not matter in the end. “Thou shalt not steal” is considered categorical because it says that you should not steal no matter the circumstances, even if you needed to steal to keep yourself from starving to death. An imperative is also considered to be a command.

Categorical is Universal. IMperative is Command.
Term
First form:
 Definition
Act as if the maxim of your action were to become through your will a universal law of nature.

Universal binding like the law of physics.
Term
2nd form:
 Definition
Act in such a way that you always treat humanity, weather in your own person or in the person of any other, never simply as a means, but always at the same time as an end.

Absolute value, no matter the context.
Term
2 Requirements for Moral Theory

1st
 Definition
1. Theory must provide a plausible account of right and wrong… Must agree substantially with what we already believe.
Term
2 Requirements for Moral Theory:

2nd
 Definition
2. Theory must provide account of how we are motivated to comply with its recommendations.
Term
Ethical egoism
 Definition
Ethical egoism says that people should seek to promote their own self-interest. Ethical egoists will rank important actions in order that bring the highest payoff to them.
Term
Argument against ethical egoism
 Definition
Argument against: Should an ethical egoist help a drowning baby if it does not benefit his self-interest?

What promotes our self interest might not always be correct. Killing might be in our best interest but it would be considered wrong.
Term
Easy to comply with:
 Definition
It is easy to comply with an account of how we are motivated to comply with its recommendations because we are acting in our own self-interest. When we are doing what is right for us, we are benefiting ourselves. This is easy for the ethical egoist because we are getting a benefit out of it, and weighing our options to seek the most beneficial outcome in any situation.
Term
hard to comply with:
 Definition
Is it harder to comply with a plausible account of right and wrong. This is because we must substantially agree with what we already believe, and we might not believe that acting in our own self-interest is always morally correct. We might feel morally obligated to save a drowning child even though we do not gain a benefit from the circumstance.

What promotes our self interest might not always be correct. Killing might be in our best interest but it would be considered wrong.
Term
Plato and the Ring of Gyges.
 Definition
Brings up the notion of Apparent self-interest or actual self-interest.

When the shepherd gets the ring it might look like taking over the place of the king will be in his apparent self-interest, but if he gets caught it wouldn't be. This makes him realize that it is not actually in his self interest to do so.

Restraining us from out own self-interest is something we must exercise because if we don't we will lose our humanity. If we let our desire for humanity rule us it will make our mind and soul sick.
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