Term
|
Definition
| any of several kinds of irregularity or loss of rhythm of the heartbeat |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| slow heart rate (<60 beats/minute) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| chaotic, irregular contractions of the heart, as in atrial or ventricular fibrillation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| extremely rapid but regular contractions of the heart, as in atrial or ventricular flutter (typically from 250 to 350 beats/minute) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an interference with the normal electrical conduction of the heart defined by the location of the block |
|
|
Term
| premature ventricular contraction |
|
Definition
| a ventricular contraction preceding the normal impulse initiated by the SA node (pacemaker) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fast heart rate (>100 beats/minute) |
|
|
Term
| arteriosclerotic heart disease |
|
Definition
| a degenerative condition of the arteries characterized by thickening of the inner lining, loss of elasticity, and susceptibility to rupture - seen most often in the aged or smokers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a bacterial inflammation that affects the endocardium or the heart valves |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| compression of the heart produced by teh accumulation of fluid in the pericardial sac as results from pericarditis or trauma, causing rupture of a blood vessel within the heart (tampon = a plug) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a general term for disease of the heart muscle (e.g. alcoholic cardiomypoathy - damage to the heart muscle caused by excessive consumption of alcohol) |
|
|
Term
| congenital anomaly of the heart |
|
Definition
| malformations of the heart present at birth (anomaly = irregularity) |
|
|
Term
| atrial septal defect (ASD) |
|
Definition
| an opening in the septum separating the atria |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| narrowing of the descending portion of the aorta resulting in a limited flow of blood to the lower part of the body |
|
|
Term
| patent diuctus arteriosus (PDA) |
|
Definition
| an abnormal opening between the pulmonary artery and the aorta caused by the failure of the fetal ductus arteriosus to close after birth (patent = open) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an anomaly that consists of four defects: pulmonary stenosis, ventricular septal defect, malposition of the aorta, and right ventricular hypertrophy - causes blood to bypass the pulmonary circulation so that deoxygenated blood goes into the systemic circulation, resulting in cyanosis |
|
|
Term
| ventricular septal defect |
|
Definition
| an opening in the septum separating the ventricles |
|
|
Term
congestive heart failure (CHF)
left ventricular failure |
|
Definition
| failure of the left ventricle to pump an adequate amount of blood to meet the demands of the body, resulting in a bottleneck of congestion in the lungs that may extend to the veins, causing edema in lower portions of the body |
|
|
Term
| coronary artery disease (CAD) |
|
Definition
| a condition affecting arteries of the heart that reduces the flow of blood and delivery of oxygen and nutrients to the myocardium - most often caused by atherosclerosis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| persistently high blood pressure |
|
|
Term
| primary/essential hypertension |
|
Definition
| high bloo d pressure attributed to no single cause, but risks include smoking, obesity, increased salt intake, hypercholesterolemia, and hereditary factors |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| high blood pressure caused by the effects of another disease (ex. kidney disease) |
|
|
Term
| mitral valve prolapse (MVP) |
|
Definition
| protrusion of one or both cusps of the mitral valve back into the left atrium during ventricular contraction, resulting in incomplete closure and backflow of blood |
|
|
Term
| myocardial infarction (MI) |
|
Definition
| heart attack; death of myocardial tissue (infarction) owing to loss of blood flow (ischemia) as a result of an occlusion (plugging) of a coronary artery-usually caused by atherosclerosis; symptoms include pain int he chest or upper body (shoulders, neck, and jaw), shortness of breath, diaphoresis, and nausea |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inflammation of the myocardium most often caused by viral or bacterial infection |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inflammation of the pericardium |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| damage to heart muscle and heart valves by rheumatic fever (a streptococcal infection) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inflammation of a vein associated with a clot formation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| abnormally swollen, twisted veins with defective valves, most often seen in the legs |
|
|
Term
| deep vein thrombosis (DVT) |
|
Definition
| formation of a clot in a deep vein of the body, occurring most often in the femoral and iliac veins |
|
|
