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Circulatory System KD
Physio exam 2
48
Physiology
Undergraduate 2
03/19/2012

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Term
Functions of the Circulatory System
Definition
Transportation
Regulation
Protection
Term
what are the two systems of the circulatory system
Definition
cardiovascular and lymphatic
Term
how are the cardiovascular system and the lymphatic system linked?
Definition
via intersticial fluid
Term
what is the cardiovascular system
Definition
heart and network of blood vessels
Term
what it the lymphatic system
Definition
cisterna chyli and the thoracic duct
and have other thin walled lymphatic vessels
Term
what is the volume of blood?
Definition
apprx: 5 liters in an adult
55% is plama
45% formed elements
Term
what is plasma?
Definition
fluid that the blood elements are carried in
water ions
albumen (60-80%) osmotic pressure
Term
organic molecules of plasma
Definition
proteins globulins (15-35%)
fibrinogen (4%)- clotting
Term
what is serum?
Definition
fluid that results when you take fibrinogen out of the plasma

serum+fibrinogen=plasma
Term
erythrocytes
Definition
approx 5 mill/mm^3
120 day life span
concave disc
ach contain 280 mill hemoglobin molecules
heme is iron containing molecule which can be recycled and is carried to BM by transferrin
Term
leukocyte
Definition
approx 5-9000/mm^3
Term
types of leukocyte
granulocytes
Definition
neutorphils (50-70%)
eosinophils
basophils-release histamine in allergy response
Term
type of leukocyte
agranulocytes
Definition
lympohcytes
monocytes-largest bean shaped- can leave blood and turn into macrophages that present things to you immune system
Term
platelets
Definition
approx 200-500,000/mm^3
fragments of cells
thrombcytes- form bulk of a clot
secret serotonin in clot
Term
Blood typing
Definition
ABO system
the more you have on the surface of your cell the more options you have of receiving blood
Term
O-
Definition
universal donor
Term
AB+
Definition
universal recipient
Term
Rh factor
Definition
+ have Rh protein on the cell surface and is most common
- doesn't have Rh proteins on cell surface
Term
RhoGAM injxn
Definition
antibodies against Rho (D)
so it is passive immunization
Term
Three mechanisms of hemostasis
Definition
Vasconstriction
platelet plug
fibrin web
Term
initiation of hemostasis
Definition
normally (within blood vessels) prostacyclin makes platelets repel one another
when endothelial lining is damaged collagen is exposed to the blood and becomes coated by Von willebrands factor
this causes platelets to stick to the collagen and degranulate releasing compounds that make other platelets sticky which causes vasoconstriction and clotting factors are activated
Term
what does the platelet release reaction cause?
Definition
the formation of a platelet plug
Term
fibrin formation
Definition
fibrin strengthens platelet plug
formed from fibrinogen in the plasma using different pathways due to action of clotting factors
Term
intrinsic pathway to a platelet plug
Definition
activated by collagen exposure
doesn't need an activator protein
XII-12 activated
Term
extrinsic pathway to a platelet plug
Definition
activated by tissue throboplastin released by damaged tissue activating factor VII-7
Term
what do both the inartistic and extrinsic pathway lead to?
Definition
the common pathway and fibrinogen formation
Term
clot dissolution
Definition
Factor XII builds up and causes release of kallkrein which converts plasminogen to plasmin and that breaks down into fibrin split products (FSP)
Term
three phases of the heart
Definition
systole- contraction- empty itself of blood
diastole- relaxation- to fill with blood
atrial systole-0.1 to 0.2 seconds-ventricular systole
Term
End Diastolic Volume
Definition
the amount of blood in the ventricle at the end of its filling phase
80% due to end systolic volume plus passive flow
20% due to atrial contraction
Term
Stroke Volume
Definition
the amount of blood pumped out of the ventricle during one contraction (one Beat)
equals approx 2/3 of the amount in the ventricle
Term
End systolic volume
Definition
the amount left in the ventricle at the end of its contraction phase
equals the 1/3 remaining amount in the ventricle
Term
Isovolumetric contraction phase
Definition
occurs at the beginning of systole when pressure increases, causes the AV valves to close, but is not yet high enough to push open the semilunar valve
(volume hasn’t changed, starting to contract)
build up
(so the volume in the ventricle stays the same)
Term
Ejection Phase
Definition
the pressure in the ventricle is higher than in the aorta, so that the semilunar valve opens and blood flows out of the ventricle
Term
isovolumetric relaxation phase
Definition
occurs at the beginning of diastole when pressure drops in the ventricle, allowing the semilunar valves to close but not low enough to allow the AV valves to open
relaxation
Term
Rapid Filling phase
Definition
occurs when pressure in ventricle drops lower than the
pressure in the atrium, allowing the AV valves to open and blood to fill the ventricles
Term
Atrial Contraction
Definition
contributes the final 20% to the end diastolic volume
Term
First Heart Sound
Definition
closure of the AV valves at the beginning of ventricular systole
Term
Second Heart Sound
Definition
due to the closure of the semilunar valve at the beginning of ventricular diastole
Term
Heart Murmurs
Definition
abnormal heart sounds
Term
causes of murmurs
Definition
Defective/incompetent valves
stenosis of vessels
septal defects
patent ductus arteriousus-duct doesn't close after birth
Term
normal P wave of an ECG
Definition
depolarization of atria
triggers atrial contraction
end of diastole
Term
normal QRS complex of an ECG
Definition
depolarization of ventricles
triggers ventricular contraction
isovolumetric contraction AV valves close
First heart sound
masks depolarization of the atria
Term
normal T wave of an ECG
Definition
depolarization of ventricles
triggers ventricular relaxation
isorelaxation pressure drops, blood back flow
seminars close
second heart sound
Term
three functions of the lymph system
Definition
returning fluid to the cardiac system
picking up absorbed fats
distributes lymphocytes
Term
lymphatic capillaries
Definition
dead end tubes
Term
lymphatic ducts
Definition
thoracic-legs and abdomen left side of the body to the subclavian
right duct- upper right stuff
Term
lymph nodes
Definition
nodules of developing lymphocytes
you can feel them
named for where they are in the body
they enlarge during and infection or cancer
Term
lymphoid organs
Definition
tonsils
thymus
spleen- biggest and in the abdomen nothing to do with digestion has red and white pulp, acts as a storage area of red blood cells and storage of lymphocytes
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