Term
| How many type of circulatory systems are there? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the two types of circulatory systems? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does the circulatory system do? |
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Definition
| transports oxygen to cells and waste carbon dioxide away |
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Term
| What are open circulatory systems found in? |
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Definition
| invertebrates, such as clams and insects |
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Term
| How does the open system aid circulation? |
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Definition
| body movement can aid circulation by squeezing sinuses and pushing blood back into the heart |
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Term
| What is "blood"/fluid called in an open system? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the four structures in an open circulatory system? |
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Definition
Antierior vessel
lateral vessels
ostia
tubular heart |
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Term
| What are closed circulatory system found in? |
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Definition
Earthworms (annelids),
squids &octopus (cephalopods)
vertebrates |
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Term
| Why do annelids have a closed cuculatory system? |
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Definition
| They live in low oxygen environment |
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Term
| Which is less effective? an open or closed circulatory system? |
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Definition
| open because it is less effective at circulating all the fluid |
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Term
| What is another name for the closed circulatory system? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the three parts of the cardiovascular system? |
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Definition
| heart,blood vessels, blood |
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Term
| What are some major points of blood vessels? |
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Definition
| Arteries transport blood away |
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Term
| What do arteries do? describe them |
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Definition
| A blood vessel moving blood away from the heart, they are thicker walled |
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Term
| What do veins do? describe them |
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Definition
| Bring blood toward the heart, they have valves |
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Term
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Definition
| a respritory protein, binds to 4 osygen molecules, concentration is millimolar |
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Term
| Are there different types of hemoglobin? |
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Definition
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Term
ICLicker question:
Athletic blood dping is where the number of red blood cells and hemoglobin is increased by blood transfusion of taking drugs like EPO. More hemoglobin in the blood:
A) Increases oxygen affinity and makes the athlete's hemoglobin perform more like fetal hemoglobin
B) Increases the amount of oxygen the blood can carry, bun does no affect oxygen affinity |
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Definition
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Term
| What does High pH lead to? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does low pH lead to? |
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Definition
| High Co2 in muscle tissues for example |
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Term
| What is diff in the types vertebrate circulatory system? |
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Definition
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Term
| What has a two chamber heart? |
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Definition
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Term
| What has three chamber hearts? |
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Definition
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Term
| What has four chamber hearts? |
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Definition
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Term
| What do amphibians breath through? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the highest performance heart? |
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Definition
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Term
| What cycle does blood flow through in the 4 chamber heart? |
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Definition
| oxygenated blood goes through the right side to the Pulmonary circuit through capillaries then exits the left side as deoxygenated blood cycling in the systemic capillaires |
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Term
| What is an acception in the amphibian world, heart wise? |
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Definition
| The crocodile, it has a 4 chamber heart |
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Term
| What do the coranary arteries do? |
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Definition
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Term
| What other substances does the circulatory system transport besides oxygen? |
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Definition
| Hormone, glucose, nitrogenous wastes |
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Term
| In the open circulatory system, where does the heart pump fluids to and through? |
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Definition
| It pumps fluids through the vessels out to the body into spaces called sinuses |
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Term
| What do the fluid in sinuses bathe? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where does the Hemolymph collected in sinuses go? |
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Definition
| It is drawn back to the heart |
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Term
| What is the fluid called in a closed system? |
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Definition
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Term
| What do the smaller branching vessels supply? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are three main types of blood vessels? |
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Definition
| arteries, capillaries, veins |
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Term
| Why do insects use the tracheal system to supple oxygen? |
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Definition
| to supply oxygen and get rid of carbon dioxide |
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Term
| Does a closed circulatory system correlate with oxygenated vs. deoxygenated blood? |
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Definition
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Term
| What happens to hemoglobin oxygen saturation in the curve when oxygen concentration increases? |
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Definition
higher oxygen= higher percent saturation
zero oxygen =zero percent saturation |
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Term
| Describe the Dissociation curve for human adult and fetal hemoglobin |
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Definition
Fetal is to the left: leftward shifted curve=higher oxygen affinity, stronger oxygen binding
adult is to the right=lower oxygen affinity, weaker oxygen binding |
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Term
| What is capable of higher oxygen saturations? fetal or adult hemoglobin? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who pulls oxygen away from the other? fetal or mother? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| At high pH hemoglobin has high affinity for oxygen; at lower pH hemoglobin has a lower affinity for oxygen(will tend to release oxygen) |
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Term
| Where does oxygen bind strongly at? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where does oxygen bind weakly at? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why is the Dinosaur named willow important? |
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Definition
| it has a preserved heart, that show it is a four chambered heart |
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Term
| What kind of hearts were dinosaurs likely to have and what does this mean about their physiology? |
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Definition
| They were likely to have 4 chambered hearts, and were more likely to be active runners |
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Term
| What did the T. rex from Montana give us? |
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Definition
| blood vessels that were preserved in fossil femur |
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Term
| Where does hemoglobin bind less tightly to oxygen? |
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Definition
| When CO2 is high, this is found in respiring tissues like muscles |
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Term
| At high pH hemoglobin as a ____ affinity for oxygen |
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Definition
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Term
| At a low pH hemoglobin has a ___affinity for oxygen |
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Definition
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Term
| What does the hemoglobin tend to do at lower pH? |
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Definition
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Term
| High pH corresponds to... |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| High CO2...in muscle tissue for example |
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Term
| Due to Bohr effect hemoglobin binds strongly to ___ |
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Definition
| lungs/gils (to take up oxygen) |
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Term
| Due to the Bohr effect hemoglobin binds weakly in |
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Definition
| tissues (to release oxygen) |
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Term
| Describe the 2 chamber heart of a fish starting from the Ventricle going up. |
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Definition
| Ventricle>artery>gill capillaries>systemic capillaries>veins>Atrium |
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Term
| What does amphibian respiration involve? |
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Definition
| both lung and surface respiration |
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Term
| Describe the 3 chamber heart starting from the right ventricle, going clockwise |
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Definition
| ventricle>pulmocutaneous circuit>left atrium>systemic capillaries>right atrium>ventricle |
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Term
| Describe the 4 chamber heart starting from the right ventricle |
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Definition
| right ventricle>pulmonary circuit (lung capillaries)>left atrium>left ventricle>systemic capillaries>right atrium>right ventricle |
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Term
| Why doesn't the baby's blood become oxygenated when there is the heart defect that needs the arterial switch operation? |
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Definition
| The coronary artery needs to be repaired because the baby is getting either too little or too much oxygen |
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Term
| Which side of the heart is deoxygenated? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which side of the heart is oxygenated? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| where blood enters the heart |
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Term
| What does the ventricles do? |
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Definition
| where blood pumps out of the heart |
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Term
| How many atria and ventricles does a two chamber heart have? |
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Definition
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Term
| how many atria and ventricles does a three chamber heart have? |
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Definition
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Term
| how many atria and ventricles does a four chamber heart have? |
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Definition
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Term
| What makes the 4 chamber heart different from the 3 chamber? |
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Definition
| it keeps oxygenated blood completely separate form de-oxygenated blood |
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Term
| What does the 4 chamber leave the heart to have far more oxygen than the 3 chamber? |
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Definition
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