Term
| Is the fish gill a solid structure? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is finely subdivided to enhance gas exchange area? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| The little strings moving away from the gil arch (kinda like fingers) |
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Term
| Are the filiments smooth or rough? what are they filled with? |
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Definition
| Rough because they are filled with lamellae |
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Term
| What is tricky about the gill flow? |
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Definition
| The blood flows opposite of the water flow |
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Term
| Why would the water move in the opposite direction of the blood of the gill? |
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Definition
| Countercurrent flow, It decreases oxygen rates. |
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Term
| Are gills effective in increasing surface area? and how many fold increase? |
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Definition
| Yes. 20 fold increase in mackerel due to gills |
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Term
| How do gill surface areas compare among different fishes? |
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Definition
| Those that are good swimmers have larger gills, whereas those that are poor swimmers have smaller ones |
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Term
| What is unique about the goosefish? |
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Definition
| It doesn't need gills because it has poor aerobic swimming |
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Term
| Why arent gills good in air? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why are tracheal systems in insects special? |
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Definition
| They are air filled tubes extending into body, small insects use passive diffusion only, large insects "breathe" |
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Term
| What is a tracheal system? |
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Definition
| Kind of like a lung, but it is filled with gas, sort of like an internal gill |
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Term
| What do tracheoles supply? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does the tracheal system probably limit? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does the dung beetle provide an opportunity to investigate? |
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Definition
| The effect of body size on tracheal system |
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Term
IClicker question: Some prehistoric insects had wings as long as a human arm. THis may have been possible due to:
A)Thicker exoskeleton to resist gravity
B) Air oxygen levels of 30% comp to cuttent of 20%
C)abundant nutrients form feeding on dinosaur blood |
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Definition
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Term
| What are some characteristics of the lung? |
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Definition
Internal sacs
Do not contract the whole system |
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Term
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Definition
| Tidal ventilation aka negative ventilation breathing |
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Term
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Definition
| Volume inhaled and exhaled |
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Term
| Is tidal volume more or less than total volume? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What flows through the lungs? |
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Definition
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Term
| Are birds lungs more or less sophisticated than mammals? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Air sacs empty, lungs fill |
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Term
| How do humans control breathing? |
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Definition
Human brain monitor carbon dioxide levels
Hyperventilation in divers
Diving mammals can tolerate high blood carbon dioxide |
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Term
| What is created when respiration happens? |
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Definition
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Term
| What happens to the proportion of muscle tissue vs. tracheal space in insect leg as insect grow larger? |
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Definition
| Adult grasshopper femur is mainly trachea and air sacs |
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Term
| What makes lungs different from tracheal system lungs? |
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Definition
| They do not contract the entire body |
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Term
| What draws oxygen from the lungs to to tissues? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| snails, a few fishes, spiders, vertebrates |
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Term
| What are surrounded by capillaries? |
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Definition
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Term
| How does tidal ventilation occur in mammalian lungs? |
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Definition
| negative pressure breathing, residual volume remains after exhaling |
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Term
| What monitors carbon dioxide levels in the body? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What does decreased oxygen in blood correspond to? |
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Definition
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Term
| What results in acidification? |
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Definition
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