Term
Organisms have similar functional needs, but have developed diverse ways of meeting them
true of false |
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Definition
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Term
| Organisms must obey ____ ____ |
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Definition
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Term
| What is cellular respiration? |
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Definition
A type of controlled combustion
Reduced carbon(glucose) +O2--->CO2+ H2O
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Term
| Where does cellular respiration occur? |
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Definition
| cells by the mitochondria- bacteria-like organelles |
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Term
| Why does size matter in respiration? |
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Definition
| Rate of diffusion of gases |
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Term
| How fast is diffusion of gases? |
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Definition
1 micron in 10^-4
one millionth of a meter in one tenth of a millisecond
brownian motion |
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Term
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Definition
| Random movements: they move due to physical laws |
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Term
| When does diffusion take place? short or long distances? |
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Definition
| It can only take place over short distances |
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Term
| What is the rate of oxygen entry influnced by? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does Ficks' law tell us? |
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Definition
the rate of gass diffusion is proportional to the concentration |
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Term
| How small does an organism have to be to rely on diffusion alone? |
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Definition
1mm wide
oxygen concentration is normal seawater is sufficient to support low rates of respiration
oxygen goncentration only needs to be 71% of normal levels |
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Term
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Definition
| Relationship between surface area and volume changes as a funcion of size |
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Term
| What accounts in part for effect of bodu size on metabolic rate? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| They are appendages around which the medium (usually water) passes, often richly supplied with blood vessels, found in many types of invertebrates |
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Term
| What are the gills helpful? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Moving from a high to low surface area/gradient |
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Term
| Who solved the rate of diffusion of gases? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| with brownian motion, over time particles will become separated, they don't move away form the original point source, they travel randomly, thus taking a long time for molecules to diffuse over long distance |
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Term
| What is the speed of oxygen diffusion in liquid? |
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Definition
1 micron in 10-4 seconds
1000 microns (1mm) in 100 seconds |
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Term
| Does diffusion take place over short or long distances? |
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Definition
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Term
| give examples of where oxygen diffuses only short distances |
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Definition
| vertebrate lung, very small organisms |
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Term
| What can be described by the Fick equation? |
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Definition
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Term
| what accounts in part for why large animals have lower metabolic rates than small animals? |
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Definition
| scaling and surface area to volume ratio |
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Term
| Which would use less oxygen per unit body weight? the elephant or pygmy shrew? |
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Definition
| pound for pound, the elephant uses much less oxygen per unit body wieght |
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Term
| What is are examples of organisms relying solely on surface? |
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Definition
| colonial choanaoflagellate, bacteria, microalgae, yeasts |
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Term
| What do you do if you want to be bigger than 1 mm? |
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Definition
adaptations to enhance gas exchange
circulatory systems and/or increased surface are |
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Term
| What is an organism that is an example of increased surface area? |
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Definition
| Green hydra (several mm long) |
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Term
| What is unique about the jelly fish Aurelia? |
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Definition
| it has a complex gastrovascular cavity that circulates fluid |
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Term
| what is the possible gas exchange for very small organisms 2-1 mm? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the possible gas exchange for organisms such as hydra, jellyfish, and flatworms? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the possible gas exchange structure that is neither surface area or gastrovascular cavity? |
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Definition
Gills, tracheal systems, lungs
or a mixture of all of the above |
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Term
| What are all the possible gas exchange structures? |
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Definition
surface only
gastrovascular
gills, tracheal systems, lungs
mixture of the above |
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