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Circulation and Gas Exchange I
ch 42
32
Biology
Undergraduate 2
03/30/2015

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Cards

Term

Organisms have similar functional needs, but have developed diverse ways of meeting them

true of false

Definition
true
Term
Organisms must obey ____ ____
Definition
Physical laws
Term
What is cellular respiration?
Definition

A type of controlled combustion

Reduced carbon(glucose) +O2--->CO2+ H2O

 

Term
Where does cellular respiration occur?
Definition
cells by the mitochondria- bacteria-like organelles
Term
Why does size matter in respiration?
Definition
Rate of diffusion of gases
Term
How fast is diffusion of gases?
Definition

1 micron in 10^-4

one millionth of a meter in one tenth of a millisecond

brownian motion

Term
What is brownian motion?
Definition
Random movements: they move due to physical laws
Term
When does diffusion take place? short or long distances?
Definition
It can only take place over short distances
Term
What is the rate of oxygen entry influnced by?
Definition
external concentration
Term
What does Ficks' law tell us?
Definition
the rate of gass diffusion is proportional to the concentration
Term
How small does an organism have to be to rely on diffusion alone?
Definition

1mm wide

oxygen concentration is normal seawater is sufficient to support low rates of respiration

oxygen goncentration only needs to be 71% of normal levels

Term
What is scaling?
Definition
Relationship between surface area and volume changes as a funcion of size
Term
What accounts in part for effect of bodu size on metabolic rate?
Definition
scaling
Term
What are gills?
Definition
They are appendages around which the medium (usually water) passes, often richly supplied with blood vessels, found in many types of invertebrates
Term
What are the gills helpful?
Definition
They raise surface area
Term
What is brownian motion?
Definition
Moving from a high to low surface area/gradient
Term
Who solved the rate of diffusion of gases?
Definition
Einstein
Term
How does diffusion work?
Definition
with brownian motion, over time particles will become separated, they don't move away form the original point source, they travel randomly, thus taking a long time for molecules to diffuse over long distance
Term
What is the speed of oxygen diffusion in liquid?
Definition
1 micron in 10-4 seconds
1000 microns (1mm) in 100 seconds
Term
Does diffusion take place over short or long distances?
Definition
very short
Term
give examples of where oxygen diffuses only short distances
Definition
vertebrate lung, very small organisms
Term
What can be described by the Fick equation?
Definition
The rate of diffusion
Term
what accounts in part for why large animals have lower metabolic rates than small animals?
Definition
scaling and surface area to volume ratio
Term
Which would use less oxygen per unit body weight? the elephant or pygmy shrew?
Definition
pound for pound, the elephant uses much less oxygen per unit body wieght
Term
What is are examples of organisms relying solely on surface?
Definition
colonial choanaoflagellate, bacteria, microalgae, yeasts
Term
What do you do if you want to be bigger than 1 mm?
Definition
adaptations to enhance gas exchange
circulatory systems and/or increased surface are
Term
What is an organism that is an example of increased surface area?
Definition
Green hydra (several mm long)
Term
What is unique about the jelly fish Aurelia?
Definition
it has a complex gastrovascular cavity that circulates fluid
Term
what is the possible gas exchange for very small organisms 2-1 mm?
Definition
surface only
Term
what is the possible gas exchange for organisms such as hydra, jellyfish, and flatworms?
Definition
Gastrovascular cavity
Term
What is the possible gas exchange structure that is neither surface area or gastrovascular cavity?
Definition
Gills, tracheal systems, lungs
or a mixture of all of the above
Term
What are all the possible gas exchange structures?
Definition
surface only
gastrovascular
gills, tracheal systems, lungs
mixture of the above
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