Term
| What are the boundaries of the high pressure side of the vascular system? |
|
Definition
| Contracting left ventricle to systemic capillaries |
|
|
Term
| What are the boundaries of the low pressure side of the vascular system? |
|
Definition
| Systemic capilaries to the left ventricle |
|
|
Term
| How is flow (Q) calculated? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What has the highest total cross sectional area in the vascular system? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The principle stating "an increase in the velocity of horizontal fluid flow will result in a decrease in the lateral pressure" is known as what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In the vascular system, kinetic energy manifests as what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In the vascular system, potential energy is maintained as what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Total pressure is equal to what? |
|
Definition
| Lateral pressure + dynamic pressure |
|
|
Term
| How can a reduction of lateral pressure occur? |
|
Definition
| Increased velocity of flow converts potential energy into kinetic energy, decreasing lateral pressure |
|
|
Term
| What does Ohm's law show concerning pressure?? |
|
Definition
| Change in pressure = Flow * Resistance |
|
|
Term
| What are the two types of pressure that should be considered regarding hemodynamics? |
|
Definition
| Driving pressure and hydrostatic pressure |
|
|
Term
| The pressure difference between two points along the axis of a blood vessel is known as what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What causes hydrostatic pressure? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What position increases hydrostatic pressure? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Blood flowing smoothly along the tubes with the fastest flow being in the center of the blood vessel describes what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Irregular and random flow resulting in a loss of kinetic energy and velocity of blood flow describes what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Is the Reynolds number high or low in laminar and turbulent flow? |
|
Definition
| Low in laminar, high in turbulent |
|
|
Term
| How do you calculate the Reynolds number? |
|
Definition
| Re = (density * diameter * velocity)/(viscocity) |
|
|
Term
| Is cardiovascular flow mostly laminar or turbulent? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What common audible vibration does turbulent flow often produce? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How do you calculate resistance? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the 3 factors that can alter resistance according to Poieulle's relation? |
|
Definition
| Radius, viscosity, length |
|
|
Term
| What are the assumptions of Poieulle's relation? |
|
Definition
| Flow is laminar, velocity of fluid layer at wall is zero, tube is straight, rigid, w/constant radius, fluid is incompressible, viscosity of fluid is constant, flow is steady |
|
|
Term
| Viscocity is defined as what? |
|
Definition
| Ratio of shear stress to shear rate |
|
|
Term
| What equation derives viscocity? |
|
Definition
| Viscocity = (Force/Area)/(Velocity/Depth) |
|
|
Term
| What effect does anemia have on viscocity? |
|
Definition
| Decreased RBC and hematocrit reduces viscocity |
|
|
Term
| What effect does polycythemia have on viscocity? |
|
Definition
| Increased RBC and hematocrit increases viscocity |
|
|
Term
| What ist he relationship between resistance and conductance? |
|
Definition
| Conductance = 1/Resistance |
|
|
Term
| How do you measure total conductance in parallel vessels? |
|
Definition
| Equals the sum of the conductance in each parallel vessel |
|
|
Term
| The total quantity of blood that can be stored in a given part of the circulation for each mmHg in pressure is known as what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How is compliance measured? |
|
Definition
| Increase in volume/increase in pressure |
|
|
Term
| How do the compliance of veins compare to that of arteries |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What effect does decreasedc ompliance have on the heart? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Compliance decreases with age usually as a result of what? |
|
Definition
| Arteriosclerosis, increased vessel rigidity |
|
|
Term
| Arterial blood pressure are reflective of what factors of arteries close to the heart? |
|
Definition
| THeir elasticity and the amount of blood ofreced into them at any time |
|
|
Term
| What pattern do changes in blood pressure follow in elastic arteries near the heart? |
|
Definition
| Pulsatile (rises and falls) |
|
|
Term
| How does aortic compliace allow for steady flow? |
|
Definition
| Arterial walls are stretched during ventricular systole, storing a substantial fraction of the stroke volume. The recoil of the arterial walls allows for continuous capillary flow, even during diastole |
|
|
Term
| Pulse pressure is defined as what? |
|
Definition
| The difference between systolic and diastolic pressure |
|
|
Term
| Pressure in the right atrium is called what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why is pressure in the right atrium considered central venous pressure? |
|
Definition
| All systemic veins flow into the right atrium |
|
|
Term
| What regulates central venous pressure? |
|
Definition
| Ability of right heart to pump blood to lungs and tendency for blood to flow from periphery to right atrium |
|
|
Term
| What factors can increase central venous pressure? |
|
Definition
| Increased blood volume, increased venous tone (constriction), decreased arterial tone (dilation) |
|
|
Term
| Large veins have low resistance until they enter what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What aids venous blood pressure, allowing adequate blood return to the heart? |
|
Definition
| Respiratory pump and muscular pump |
|
|
Term
| Venous valve incompetence causes what? |
|
Definition
|
|
