Pius IX (Pio Nono)

condemned modernity in his Syllabus of Errors:

secularism, rationalism, nationalism, individualism, "liberalism"

position on papal infallibility: not all statements are infallible but the pope can make them; don't need approval

power-hungry

written by Pope Pius IX (Pio Nono)

condemns modernism: nationalism, rationalism, secularism, individualism, "liberalism"

Saw no reason to define papal infallibility because it would solidify barrier between E & W Christians

Pope's powers are from God and extend throughout the Church in the entire world

When the pope teaches from the Chair of St. Peter (ex cathedra) his words are infallible

Vatican Council II

(aggiornamento)

Council convened by Pope John XXIII

Purpose: to ____ the church, or update/modernize/today it

Convened Vatican Council II

supposedly an old man chosen because he would die soon and wouldn't do anything major

Goals:

• read the signs of the times & respond to them
• wanted to be open to the world and break away from its contempt for the world

Goals:

• defines relationship between Church & bishops
• Church's official view of itself (think models of the Church from beginning of year)

Goals:

• Get people involved with the liturgy!
• Elements can change (but stick with Tradition)
• Emphasize communal nature (songs, Eucharist)

Goals:

• Acknowledge rifts, causes, and equal blame
• Encourage respect between Catholics & Protestants

Goals:

• Emphasize human commonality
• Respect for other religions (but JC is still #1)
• Against anti-semitism

Goals:

• Religious freedom
• No discrimination based on religious beliefs, no one can be forced into religion