Term
| most common types of obstructive pulmonary disorders |
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Definition
| asthma, copd, cystic fibrosis, bronchietasis |
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Term
| the pt'd ability to inhale or exhale by force |
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Definition
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Term
| a potentially reversible chronic obstructive airway disorder characterized by airway inflammation that is triggered by allergens or irritants |
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Definition
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Term
| the inflammatory process of asthma results in |
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Definition
| bronchial hyperresponsiveness, bronchial constriction and edema, thickening of bronchial walss, production of thick mucus |
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Term
| the airway is sensitive to stimuli |
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Definition
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Term
| asthma is classified as a obstrocive diorder because of the _____ and presence of ____ |
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Definition
| narrowing airways, mucus p;igs |
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Term
| begins when triggers activate the inflammatory process |
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Definition
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Term
| the early phase usually begins within ______ min after exposur to trigger and resolves _______ later |
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Definition
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Term
| the late phase begins ____ after the early phase response when airway inflammation is _____- |
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Definition
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Term
| if not corrected, status astmaticus can lead to |
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Definition
| right sided heart failure, pneumothorax, worsening, hypoxemia, acidosis and respiratory or cardiact arrest |
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Term
| repeated exacerbations of asthma can cause |
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Definition
| hypertrophy of bronchial smooth muscle, thickening of the tissues in the airways, hypertrophy of mucus glands, air trapping in the alveoli and hyperinflation of the lungs |
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Term
| during an asthma exacerbation the pt may exhibit |
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Definition
| dyspnea, prodcutive cough, use of accessory muscles of respiration, audible expiratory wheezing, tachycardia and tachypnea |
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Term
| findings that suggest resp arrest is imminent include |
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Definition
| drowsiness, confusion, absence of wheezing, bradycardia and retractions above the sternum |
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Term
| for key components of asthma care |
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Definition
| assessment and monitoring, education and evironmental conrol, pharmocologic therapy |
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Term
| medical therapy is selected on teh basis of _________ and adjusted as needed to achieve and -_____ |
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Definition
| symptom severity, maintain control |
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Term
| comorbid conditions that interfere with asthma management |
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Definition
| gastroesophageal reflux, obesity, osa, rhinitis or sinusitis, stress and depression |
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Term
| controllers are antinflammatory drugs that include |
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Definition
| inhaled glucocorticoids, leukotriene modifiers, mast cel stabilizers, monocloal antibodies, long acting inhaled beta adrenergic agonists |
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Term
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Definition
| salmeterol, formeterol, methylxanthines |
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Term
| controllers are also inhaled anticholinergics |
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Definition
| ipratropium, tiotropium, aclidinium |
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Term
| may be used for asthma that does not respond to other controllers |
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Definition
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Term
| the course of systemic therapy for asthma is usually limited to |
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Definition
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Term
| asthma relievers are primarily |
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Definition
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Term
| relieving bronchodilators include |
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Definition
| inhaled short acting beta receptor agonists, anticholinergics, methylxanthics |
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Term
| enhance the bronchodilating action of beta receptor agonists |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| corticosteroid and bronchodilator |
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Term
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Definition
| anticholinergic and bronchodilator |
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Term
| dulera is a combination of |
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Definition
| mometeasone and formoterol |
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Term
| status asthmaticus is treated with |
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Definition
| inhaled and intravenous bronchodilators and o2 therapy |
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Term
| s&s of impending resp failure |
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Definition
| tachypnea, shallow respirations, diaphoresis, reddening skin, tachycardia, cardiac dysrthmias, inital htn, later hypotension, restlessness, drowsiness or loss of consciousness |
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Term
| describes a condition marked by progressive, largely irreversible airflow obstruction that cannot be explained by any other diagnosis |
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Definition
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Term
| the early stage of COPD is chronic inflammation of the |
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Definition
| resp bronchioles, alveoli, pulmonary blood vessels |
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Term
| the inflammation r/t copd is a respons to the inhalation of _____ particles and gasses with _____ being a frequent source |
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Definition
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Term
| an enzyme that breaks down connective lung tissue |
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Definition
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Term
| enzymes that inhibit prtease activity |
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Definition
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Term
| in COPD protease activity _____ and antiprotease activity ____ |
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Definition
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Term
| the pt is said to have chronic bronchitis when the increased production of mucus and chronic cough persists for at least _____ of the year for ___ consecutive years |
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Definition
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Term
| abnormal enlargement of air spaces beyond the terminal bronchiole |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| associated primarily with cigarette smoking, and affects mainly the resp bronchioles |
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Definition
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Term
| affects the resp bronchiols and alveoli, is caused more often by a herediatry deficiency of th eenzyme inhibitor alpha 1-antitrypisin |
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Definition
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Term
| in the late stage of copd ____ may develop because of ______ in small pulmonary arteries |
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Definition
| pulmonary htn, hypoxic changes |
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Term
| as copd progresses _____ may occur |
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Definition
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Term
| the right ventricle may become enlarged |
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Definition
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Term
| the most serioius complciations of COPD |
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Definition
| resp failure, heart failure, |
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Term
| factor that may lead to complications |
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Definition
| infection, air pollution, continure smoking, left ventricular failure, myocardial infarction, pulmonary embolism, spontaneous pneumothorax, adverse effects of drugs |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| copd pt may report ____ upon exertion and a sense of heaviness on the ____ |
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Definition
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Term
| over inflated lungs of copd cause diaphragm to |
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Definition
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Term
| ____ and fatigue are common with copd |
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Definition
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Term
| with chronic hypoxemia the rbc count is typically |
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Definition
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Term
| the pt with cor pulmonale may demonstrate s&s of right heart failure including |
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Definition
| increasing dyspnea, cyanosis, peripheral edema, |
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Term
| s&s r/t chronci bronchitis |
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Definition
| productive cough, exertional dyspnea, wheezing |
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Term
| the main sypmtom of emphysema is |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| depression and irritability |
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Term
| despite dyspnea, pt who have emhysema without chronic bronchitis often have normal |
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Definition
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Term
| the goal of medical treatment copd |
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Definition
| attain sympomatic relief, slow disease progression, improve excercise tolerance, prevent or treat complications and inmprove overall health |
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Term
| the medical treatment plan of COPD begins with |
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Definition
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Term
| to treat copd broncho dilators including ________ are ordered to decreases _________ and the work of ______ |
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Definition
| beta adrenergics and anticholinergics, airway resistances, breathing |
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Term
| commonly used to reduce airway inflammation |
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Definition
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Term
| pts using inhaled glucocorticoids are at increased risk for |
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Definition
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Term
| surgical procedures available for selected copd pt |
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Definition
| volume reduction surgery, bullectomy, lung transplant |
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Term
| never administer non more than ____ of o2 to copd pt |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| high calorie, high protein |
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Term
| abnormal permanent dilation and distortion of the bronchi and bronchioles that is usally confined to one lung lobe or segment |
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Definition
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Term
| bronchiectasis typically follows |
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Definition
| recurrent inflammatory conditions, infections or obstructions |
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Term
| the most prominent signs of bronchiectasis |
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Definition
| coughing and production of large amounts of purulent sputum |
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Term
| the pt with bronchiectasis may also have |
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Definition
| fever, hemoptysis, nasla stuffiness, sinus drainage, fatigue and weakness |
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Term
| maintenance therapy for bronchiectasis may use |
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Definition
| antibiotics, antiinflammatory drugs, airway clearance therapy |
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Term
| a hereditary disorder that is characterized by dysfunction of the exocrine glands and the production of thick tenacious mucus |
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Definition
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Term
| exocrine glands include those that secrete |
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Definition
| mucus, sweat, saliva and digestive enzymes |
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Term
| first pulmonary symptom of cystic fibrosis |
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Definition
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Term
| results in obstruction of the pancreatic ducts so that pancreatic enzymes cannot be delivered to the gi tract |
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Definition
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Term
| without pancreatic enzymes pt cannot effectively absorb |
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Definition
| protens, fats, fat soluble vitamins, stools become bulky and foul smelling |
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Term
| acute exacerbations of cystic fibration are characterized by |
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Definition
| cough, dyspnea, decreased excerse tolerance, fatigue, increased sputum production, a change in sputum color |
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Term
| treatment of cystic fibrosis consists of |
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Definition
| pancreatic enzyme replacement, CPT, aerosol and nebulizer treatments, hypertonic salie or rhDNase |
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Term
| ivacaftor has been shown to significantly improve ____ r/t cystic fibrosis |
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Definition
| lung function, weight, sweat chloride |
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Term
| the goal of nursing care for cystic fibrosis |
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Definition
| maintain airway, prevention/treat infection, adequate nutrition, effective managemnt of treatment regimen by pt/family |
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Term
| examples of restrictive pulmonary disorders |
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Definition
| tuberculosis, interstitial lung diseases |
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Term
| interstitial lung diseases |
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Definition
| idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, sarcoidosis, occupational lung diseases, lung cancer |
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Term
| an acid fast aerobic bacterium that causes tb |
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Definition
| myobacterium tuberculosis |
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Term
| tb is spread through droplets emitted during |
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Definition
| coughing, laughing, sneezing and singing |
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Term
| drug resistant tb strains |
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Definition
| multidrug resistant tb, extensively drug resistant tb |
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Term
| a pt's initial tb infection is called |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| cough, night sweats, chest pain and tightness, fatigue, anorexia, weight loss, low grade fever, productive cough/hemoptysis |
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Term
| tb should be considered in pts who have ___ that doesn't respont to normal therapy |
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Definition
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Term
| for pt with active tb recommended combination drug therapy are drugs that include |
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Definition
| INH, ethambutol, rifampin, pyrazinamide |
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Term
| the ususal course of therapy for active tb ranges from ____ monts after sputum culture becomes _____ |
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Definition
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Term
| common adverse effects of antitubercular drugs |
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Definition
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Term
| interstitial lung diseases include several conditions in which inflammation of the lower resp tract and thickening and fibrosis of the _______ beyond the gas exchange units render the alveoli nonfunctional |
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Definition
| alveolar walls, capillaries, acini, bronchioles, pulmonary parenchyma |
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Term
| ____ may sometimes be be involved with interstitial lung diseases |
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Definition
| pleura, lymphatics, lymph nodes |
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Term
| examples of interstitial lung diseases |
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Definition
| idopathic pulmonary fibrosis, acute interstitial pnuemonia, hypersensitivity pneumonitis |
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Term
| hypersensitivity pnuemonitis disorders |
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Definition
| occupational lung disease, neurofibromatosis, sarcoidosis |
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Term
| formation of scar tissue in the lung tissue after inflammation or irritation |
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Definition
| idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis |
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Term
| idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis may be r/t |
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Definition
| frequent aspiration, exposure to environmental/occupational substances |
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Term
| sever fibrosis may lead to |
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Definition
| pulmonary htn, cor pulmonale, ventilatory failure |
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Term
| primary symptoms of indopathic pulmonary fibrosis |
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Definition
| progressive dyspnea with exertion, inspiratory crackle |
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Term
| indopathic pulmonary fibrosis is treated with |
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Definition
| corticosteroid, immunosuppressant, mucolytic, o2 therapy |
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Term
| sarcoidosis is an inflammatory condition that may affect the |
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Definition
| skin, eyes, lungs, liver, spleen, brain, bones, salivary glands, joints and heart |
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Term
| processes leading to the formation of clusters of cells and debrin in affected tissues |
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Definition
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Term
| may pt with sarcoidosis have no systems while others experience |
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Definition
| dry cough, dyspnea, chest pain, hemoptysis, fatigue, weakness, weight loss, fever |
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Term
| symptoms of sarcoidosis usually respond well to a 6 to 12m treatment of |
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Definition
| systemic coricosteroids or methotrexate, azathioprine, hydroxychloroquine |
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