Term
| How does skin change with age and gender? |
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Definition
| Thickness decreases with increasing age, and men have thicker skin than women. |
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Term
| What effect do burns have on skin flexibility? |
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Definition
| Burns decr. skin flexibility. |
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Term
| What are the 5 major functions of the skin? |
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Definition
| Protection, Barrier, Insulator, Thermoregulator, Maintains fluid and electrolyte balance. |
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Term
| How does the skin help thermoregulate the body? |
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Definition
| Via cutaneous vessel constriction and dilation |
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Term
| How does the skin help maintain fluid and electrolyte balance? |
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Definition
| via sweat glands: they excrete fluid and salt. |
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Term
| What happens if sweat glands are lost? (as can happen with severe burns) |
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Definition
| You have internal fluid and electrolyte balance problems. |
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Term
| What are the 4 major layers of the epidermis? |
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Definition
| Stratum germinitivum (stratum basale), Stratum spinosum, stratum lucidum (granulosum), stratum corneum |
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Term
| What is the stratum germinitivum (stratum basale)? What happens there? |
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Definition
| It is the innermost layer of the epidermis. Skin cells are made there by mytotically active cells. |
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Term
| What is the stratum spinosum? Is it thick or thin? |
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Definition
| It's the thick layer of the epidermis that rests atop the stratum basale. There is no cell production here. |
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Term
| What is the stratum lucidum? What happens to the cells here? |
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Definition
| The layer on top of the stratum spinosum, where the cells start to flatten out and the nuclei are lost. (So they can't make protein anymore.) |
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Term
| What is the stratum corneum? What do the cells look like? |
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Definition
| It's the topmost layer of the epidermis. The cells no longer have a nucleus, and they are very flat. |
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Term
| What layers of the epidermis contain keratin? |
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Definition
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Term
| What layers of the epidermis contain keratinocytes? |
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Definition
| Stratum Basale and stratum spinosum. |
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Term
| How long does it take a cell made in the stratum basale to make it to the stratum corneum? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 4 major cell types in the epidermis? |
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Definition
| Melanocytes, keratinocytes, merkel cells and langerhans cells. |
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Term
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Definition
| They produce pigmentation in response to light. |
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Term
| What do keratinocytes do? |
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Definition
| They produce keratin, which is a protein in hair, nails and skin, and serves as a water repellant. |
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Term
| What is the function of keratin? |
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Definition
| It's a protein in hair, nails and skin that serves as a water repellant. |
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Term
| What are merkel cells responsible for? |
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Definition
| reception of light touch. |
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Term
| What are langerhans cells? What is their importance? |
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Definition
| They're nonspecific immune cells. They are one of the first lines of attack against foreign bodies. They form antigens and send the code to specific immune cells to come and fight the invasion. |
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Term
| What two layers make up the dermis? |
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Definition
| Papillary dermis and reticular dermis. |
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Term
| What important structure is found in the papillary dermis? |
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Definition
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Term
| What important structures are found in the retucular dermis? |
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Definition
| sweat glands, hair follicle bases, and free nerve endings. |
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Term
| What are the four major components of the dermis? |
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Definition
| fibroblasts, machrophages, mast cells, and extracellular matrix. |
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Term
| What are the four major epidermal appendages? |
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Definition
| Sebaceous glands, sweat glands, apocrine glands and hair follicles. |
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Term
| In what layers of the dermis and epidermis can vascular plexi be found? |
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Definition
| Beneath the dermis, between the two dermal layers and beneath the basement membrane of the epidermis. |
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