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Definition
| Before the Council of Nicea |
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Term
| Two Characteristics of Ante-Nicene Period |
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Definition
1) Growth (from less than 1% of Roman Population to more than half)
2) Persecution (from Roman Emperors) |
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| Emperors that Persecuted Christians |
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Definition
| Nero, Domitian, Trajan, Diocletian |
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Term
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Definition
| blamed fire in Rome on Christians |
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Definition
| Christians would not acknowledge him as god, so he killed them |
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Definition
| being Christian was a crime |
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Definition
| unleashed the great persecution "The Butcher" |
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Term
| Reasons for Christian Persecution |
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Definition
| illegal religion (you needed special approval from the state in order to start up a new religion and Christianity did not have this permission), class warfare issues (Christianity typically appealed to the lower classes), obstinate in worship (Christians were very stubborn about only saluting Jesus as Lord), suspicion of treason (because their founder was a criminal that was put to death) |
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Term
| Results of the stress from persecution and growth |
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Definition
| church begins to fragment into different movements or sects |
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Term
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Definition
| moral purists; anti-hedonists; didn't want to allow those who abandoned the faith under persecution back into the church |
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Term
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Definition
| Move toward a more Greek faith; Spirit vs. Flesh dualism; Jesus is divine, but not flesh. He only appears to be a normal man, but He's really a spirit. |
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Definition
| Return to a more Jewish faith; Jesus is not a divine spirit, but an Old Testament prophet |
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Term
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Definition
| Apologetic, Polemical, Constructive |
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Term
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Definition
| to defend the faith against those outside the faith who attack it |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| to combat heresies, or subversive groups within the faith like the Gnostics and Ebionites |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| to begin to work through the logic of the faith and discuss what Christians believe |
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Term
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Definition
| Showed opposers what Christians believe |
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Term
| Medieval Period Institutionalization |
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Definition
| Church begins to assume administrative and leadership roles in the wake of the gradual collapse of the Roman Empire |
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Term
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Definition
| Developed during the Medieval Period - causes corruption. Gregory was 1st Pope |
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Term
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Definition
| Established by the Bishop of Rome |
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Term
| Reaction to Corruption (through Hierarchy) |
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Definition
| Monasticism - the pursuit of holiness through ascetic living (Monks) |
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Term
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Definition
| "hermit" style living among monks |
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Term
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Definition
| community style living among monks (monasteries) |
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Term
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Definition
| Monasteries were self-supporting communities that lived according to St. Benedict's Rule (prayer and work); they had three vows of poverty, chastity, and obedience |
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Definition
| poverty, chastity, obedience |
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Term
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Definition
| raised by an uncle who was a camel merchant, married Khadija at 25, had 4 daughters, only one daughter survived (Fatima), had visions from Allah/God, went to Mecca to preach, chased out of Mecca, flees to Medina, Medina converts, returns and conquers Mecca & converts by force, completed Qur'an 20 years after his death by Abu Bakr |
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Term
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Definition
| Shahada, Salat, Zakah, Saum, Haj |
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Term
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Definition
| "The Creed" - says Allah is god & Muhammad is his prophet |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| almsgiving (giving to the poor) |
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
| Important features of Islam |
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Definition
| No pastors/priests, faith is spread through military conquest, half of Old Roman Empire quickly falls to Arabic forces, the Muslims are stopped at the Battle of the Tours by Charles Martel |
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Term
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Definition
| "Charles the Great" - King of the Franks |
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Term
| Who established the Holy Roman Empire? Why? |
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Definition
| Charlemagne; to unify European forces against Islamic threat |
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Term
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Definition
| like the Old Roman Empire, but with the church added in; equally Roman AND Christian |
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Term
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Definition
| Gregory 1 or Gregory the Great |
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Term
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Definition
| Gregory I established the basic form of the chant |
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Term
| Hildegard von Bingentater |
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Definition
| Abbess of a monestery who made fantastic & beautiful innovations, not only writing her own music, but her own lyrics |
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Term
| Eastern and Western Schism |
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Definition
| power struggle between Greek Constantinople and Latin Rome |
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Term
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Definition
| means "and the son." it was mysteriously added to the Nicene Creed by Latin Christians in the West |
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Term
| year of the split between East and West church |
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
| What happens to Western Europe church after cutting themselves off from Muslim South and Orthodox East? |
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Definition
| The church atrophies over the next centuries and enters into the dark ages |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| his power was tested in controversy with Emperor Henry IV. Gregory argued that only the pope, not the Emperor, can appoint bishops |
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Term
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Definition
| Gregory VII excommunicates Henry IV |
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Term
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Definition
| Christians were no longer to go to Jerusalem because of Arabic-Muslim rule. Pope Urban II calls for an army of volunteers to march on Jerusalem. |
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Term
| Perfect timing of crusades |
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Definition
1)people were looking for relief from feudalism
2)threat of Muslim invasions
3)Religions enthusiasm |
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Term
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Definition
| 1096 CE; 600,000 joined, only 40,000 reached Palestine. they conquered jerusalem, set up a temporary gov't, and were eventually evicted. |
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Term
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Definition
| no lasting territorial gains, Eastern&Western Christianity are further alienated, Christian and Muslim relationships are further strained, Arabic culture and learning are re-introduced, feudalism was broken up quicker, ended the Dark Ages |
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Term
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Definition
| Moves from Rome to Avignon, France. this starts the time of decline for the Pope and church |
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Term
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Definition
| 3 Popes - Rome elects 1, Avignon elects 1, and Council at Pisa elects 1 |
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Term
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Definition
| dealt with 3 pope problem, started off by burning Jan Hus at the stake, elected Martin V |
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Term
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Definition
| Papal prestige is low, power of councils is high |
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Term
| Reactions to Papal Schism |
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Definition
| Retreat (to monasticism); Reform (John Wycliffe translated Bible to english to put it back into the hands of the people), Jan Hus (takes Wycliffe's message to Bohemia) |
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Term
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Definition
| Charles Martel defeated the Muslim forces |
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Term
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Definition
| pray and work (st. benedict's rule) |
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Term
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Definition
| Edict of toleration for Christians |
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Term
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Definition
| Challenges Maxentius (Emperor of Rome), gather 98,000 men in Gaul to march on Rome, Battle at Milvian Bridge |
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| Is the Son God in the same way that the Father is God? YES! |
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Definition
| Father and Son are the same substance |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Council at Constantinople |
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
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| affirmed the two natures in one - goal was to protect the incarnation of God |
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