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| The behavior of the Prophet Muhammad, used as a model in Islamic law. |
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| In Islam, a traditional report about a reputed syaing or action of the Prophet Muhammad. |
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| In its original meaning, complete, trusting surrender to God. |
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| In Islam, one who calls the people to prayer from a high place. |
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| Muhammad's migration from Mecca to Medina. |
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| In Sunni Islam, the successor to the Prophet. |
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| The first sura (chapter) of the Qur'an. |
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| The entity that Jesus said would come after his death to help people. |
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| the central Muslim expression of faith: "There is no God but God," and Muhammad is the messenger of God. |
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| The sin of believing in any divinity except the one God, in Islam |
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| In Islam, the sin of atheism, of ingratitude to God. |
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| In Islam, an invisible being of fire. |
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| Spiritual tithing in Islam. |
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| The holy pilgrimage to Mecca for Muslims. |
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| A follower of the majority branch of Islam, which feels that successors to Muhammad are to be chosen by the Muslim community. |
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| The minority branch of Islam, which feels that Muhammad's legitimate successors were 'Ali and a series of Imams; a follower of this branch. |
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| The divine law, in Islam. |
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| The influential leaders in traditional Muslim society, including spiritual leaders, imams, teachers, state scribes, market inspectors, and judges. |
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| In Islam, a legal opinion issued by an authority according to a particular school of law. |
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| In Shi'ism, the title for the person carrying the initiatic tradition of the Prophetic Light; a leader of Muslim prayer. |
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| The mystical path in Islam. |
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| A Sufi ascetic, in the Muslim tradition. |
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| A spiritual teacher, in esoteric Islam. |
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| A spiritual master, in the esoteric Muslim tradition. |
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| In Islamic mysticism, the spiritual wisdom and blessing transmitted from master to pupil. |
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| In Islam, an esoteric Sufi order. |
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| A person of a non-Muslim religion whose right to practice that religion is protected within an Islamic society. |
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| A person seeking to establish Islamic states in which the rule of God is supreme. |
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| The veiling of women for the sake of modesty in Islam. |
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| The Muslim's struggle against the inner forces that prevent God-realization and the outer barriers to establishment of the divine order. |
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| In Islam, reasoned interpretation of sacred law by a qualified scholar. |
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| Islamic philosophy founded by muhammad ibn'abd al-Wahhab in the eighteenth century, discarding all practices not specifically approved by the Qur'an and Sunnah. |
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| The field of theological study that attempts to interpret scripture. |
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| In Christianity, the "good news" that God has raised Jesus from the dead and in so doing has begun the transformation of the world. |
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| Referring to three similar books of the Christian Bible: Matthew, Mark, and Luke. |
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| Any person who is not of Jewish faith or origin. |
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| Physical embodiment of the divine. |
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| Years after the traditional date used for the birth of Jesus, previously referred to in exclusively Christian terms as AD and now abbreviated to CE as apposed to BCE |
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| The dramatic end of the present age. |
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| Short statements by Jesus about those who are most blessed. |
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| Jewish resistance fighters who fought the Romans and were defeated in the siege of Jerusalem. |
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| In Roman-ruled Judaea, liberals who tried to practice Torah in their lives. |
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| In Roman-ruled Judaea, wealthy and priestly Jews. |
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| The "anointed," the expected king and deliverer of the Jews; a term later applied by Christians to Jesus. |
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| The phenomenon that took place when Christ, praying on the mountain, was irradiated with light and God spoke from the heavens. |
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| In Roman times, the execution of a criminal by fixing him to a cross; with reference to Jesus, his death on the cross, symbolic of his self-sacrifice for the good of all humanity. |
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| Descriptions in the gospels of Christ's suffering, betrayal, trial, and death. |
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| The rising of Jesus in his earthly body on the first Easter Day, three days after his Crucifixion and death. |
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| The ascent of Jesus to heaven forty days after his resurrection. |
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| Missionary follower of Christ who spread his word. |
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| The occasion when the Holy Spirit descended upon the disciples of Jesus after his death |
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| In Christianity, having been absolved of sin in the eyes of God. |
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| Mystical perception of spiritual knowledge. |
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| A formal statement of the beliefs of a particular religion. |
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| the attempt to define the nature of Jesus and his relationship to God. |
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| The bishop of Rome and head the Roman Catholic Church. |
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| An area under the authority of a Christian bishop or archbishop. |
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| Military expeditions undertaken by the Christians of Europe in the 11th-13th centuries to recover the Holy Land from the Muslims; any war carried on under Papal sanction. |
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| In Christianity, a council of church officials called to reach agreement on doctrines and administration. |
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| A sacred image, a term used especially for the paintings of Jesus, Mary and the saints of the Eastern Orthodox Christian church. |
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| Exclusion from participation in the Christian sacraments (applied particularly to Roman Catholicism), which is a bar to gaining access to heaven. |
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| The use of force and terror to eliminate heresies and nonbelievers in the Christian Church starting in the 13th century. |
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| In Roman Catholic Christianity, granting of a remission of sins. |
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| In some branches of Christianity, in intermediate after-death state in which souls are purified from sin. |
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| Outward and visible signs of inward and spiritual grace in Christianity. Almost all churches recognize baptism and the eucharist as sacraments; some churches recognize five others as well. |
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| A Christian sacrament by which God cleanses all sin and makes one a sharer in the divine life, and a member of Christ's body, the Church. |
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| The Christian sacrament by which believers are renewed in the mystical body of Christ by partaking of bread and wine, understood as his body and blood. |
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| One of the Protestant branches of Christianity. |
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| Protestant denomination founded by John Calvin in the 16th century and believing in predestination. |
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| The Church of England, founded by Henry VIII when he split from Rome and formalized by Elizabeth I in 1559. |
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| Modern denomination of the breakaway Protestant church founded by Martin Luther in 1517. |
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| Protestant denomination based on Calvinism, governed by presbyters or officials of the church. |
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| Protestant denomination based on Calvinism, emphasizing the independence of each local congregation. |
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| Protestant denomination holding that God is One rather than Three persons. |
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| Protestant denomination in which baptism takes place in adulthood |
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| Protestant denomination with no liturgy, but the expectation that God will speak through members of the congregation. |
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| Protestant denomination or sectarian movement believing in infallibility of the Bible, honoring Saturday as the Sabbath, and anticipating the "end times." |
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| Movement holding that many modern Christian doctrines are false, and advocating what is regarded as early Christianity. |
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| A system of beliefs declared to be true by a religion. |
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| The Christian belief that all human beings are bound together in prideful egocentricity. In the Bible, this is described mythically as an act of disobedience on the part of Adam and Eve. |
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| In some branches of Christianity, the idea that wine and bread are mystically transformed into the blood and body of Christ during the eucharist sacrament. |
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| Insistence on what people perceive as the historical form of their religion, in contrast to more contemporary influences. This ideal sometimes takes extreme, rigidly exclusive, or violent forms. |
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| Rapprochement between branches of Christianity or among all faiths. |
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| An act of self-punishment to atone for wrongdoings. |
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| A Christian sacrament by which awareness of the Holy Spirit is enhanced. |
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| "Manifestation"; in Christianity the recognition of Jesus's spiritual kingship by the three Magi. |
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| The month of spiritual preparation leading up to Christmas. |
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| The forty days of spiritual preparation leading up to Easter. |
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| In Christianity, the appearance of an angel to the Virgin Mary to tell her that she would bear Jesus, conceived by the Holy Spirit. |
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| In some forms of Christianity, part of the body or clothing of a saint. |
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| In the Zoroastrian, Jewish, Christian, and Islamic traditions, an invisible servant of God. |
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| Diverse Christian movement calling for a return to biblical faith, personal conversion experience, and spreading of the gospel. |
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| 19th century belief amongst some Christians, using Paul's letter to the Thessalonians to say that Christians would be caught up in clouds to meet Jesus when he returned to Earth. |
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| Divinely inspired powers. |
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| African Instituted Churches |
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| Christian churches primarily founded or shaped in Africa. |
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| Christianity expressed as solidarity with the poor. |
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