Term
| Name the Heresy: Jesus Christ, the Son of God, is begotten but not made. |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the Heresy: The Son has the same being as the Father |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the Heresy: God appears as Father, Son, and Holy Spirit in history, but remains undifferentiated in his inner being. |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the Heresy: Jesus of Nazareth became God's Son at his baptism when he was filled with the Holy Spirit. |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the Heresy: The Father is God, the Son is God, and the Holy Spirit is God, and yet there are not three gods but one God. |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the Heresy: The Son merely has a "similar being" to the Father. |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the Heresy: The one God, the Father, died upon the cross in the form of the Son. |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the Heresy: The Holy Spirit should be worshipped and glorified together with the Father and the Son. |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the Heresy: The three triune persons each have a distinct mind but cooperate together in perfect unity and harmony. |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the Heresy: The Son is the Father's first and greatest creation, and he serves as the intermediary between the Father and humanity. |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the Heresy: The incarnate Jesus Christ had a rational soul and a body. |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the Heresy: The incarnate Jesus Christ is "two persons" with each "person" having its own nature. |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the Heresy: The incarnation is the result of the mind of God (the Logos) dwelling within a human body. |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the Heresy: Jesus Christ is fully divine and fully human because there is a moral union of the two persons that results from the will of each distinct person uniting with the other perfectly. |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the Heresy: Jesus Christ is "of one substance" with humans. |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the Heresy: Jesus Christ is fully God and only appears to be human. |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the Heresy: Mary is the "God-bearer" [theotokos] |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the Heresy: Jesus Christ is one person with one nature that is the perfect hybrid of humanity and divinity. |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the Heresy: The two natures of Jesus Christ relate to one another "without change." |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the Heresy: Jesus Christ became God's Son at his baptism when he was filled with the Holy Spirit. |
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Definition
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Term
| Tenses of Salvation: Jesus Christ... |
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Definition
saved us. (Protestants)
saves us. (Catholics)
will save us. (Orthodox) |
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Term
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Definition
| God is the only actor in salvation. |
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Term
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Definition
| The human is the only actor in salvation. |
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Term
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Definition
| Both God and the human are acting in salvation. |
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Term
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Definition
| We jump into sin because of Adam's bad example, remain alive even in our sins, and can choose to climb out of the pit of sin ourselves toward the perfect example of Jesus. Grace is there to give us some help though. |
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Term
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Definition
| We begin injured in our sins but can choose by our own capabilities to grab the rope thrown to us by Cowboy Jesus. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Council of Orange Pit Drawing |
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Definition
| We begin dead in our sins, we are awoken morally neutral by being showered in prevenient grace, then we can choose to float out of the pit toward farmer Jesus. |
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Term
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Definition
| Council of Orange view of Salvation |
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Term
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Definition
| We are always dead in our sins and Cowboy Jesus either chooses to lasso us out or not. |
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Term
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Definition
| Also known as Augustinianism, this is the view that God has determined the eternal destiny of every human being. He has chosen some to eternal life to be saved through the finished work of Christ, and foreordained others to everlasting punishment for their sin. |
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Term
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Definition
| The term Christus Victor refers to a Christian understanding of the atonement which views Christ's death as the means by which the powers of evil, which held humankind under their dominion, were defeated. |
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Term
| Ransom Theory or Classic Christus Victor |
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Definition
| The theory teaches that the death of Christ was a ransom, usually said to have been paid to Satan, in satisfaction of his just claim on the souls of humanity as a result of sin. |
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Term
| Satisfaction View of the Atonement |
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Definition
| Satisfaction View: Anselm speaks of human sin as defrauding God of the honour he is due. Christ's death, the ultimate act of obedience, brings God great honour. As it was beyond the call of duty for Christ, it is more honour than he was obliged to give. Christ's surplus can therefore repay our deficit. |
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Term
| Penal Substitution View of the Atonement |
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Definition
| It argues that Christ, by his own sacrificial choice, was punished (penalised) in the place of sinners (substitution), thus satisfying the demands of justice so God can justly forgive the sins. |
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Term
| Subjective View of the Atonement |
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Definition
| The moral influence view of the atonement teaches that the purpose and work of Jesus Christ was to bring positive moral change to humanity. This moral change came through the teachings and example of Jesus, the Christian movement he founded, and the inspiring effect of his martyrdom and resurrection. |
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Term
| Moral Government View of the Atonement |
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Definition
| This theory maintains that Christ was not punished on behalf of the human race. Instead, God publicly demonstrated his displeasure with sin by punishing his own sinless and obedient Son as a propitiation. Because Christ's suffering and death served as a substitute for the punishment humans might have received, God is able to extend forgiveness while maintaining divine order, having demonstrated the seriousness of sin and thus appeasing his wrath. |
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Term
| Question that the Doctrine of the Atonement answers: |
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Definition
| How does the Christ's death on the cross address the problem of sin? |
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Term
| Question that the Doctrine of Justification answers: |
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Definition
| How do we become righteous before God? |
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Term
| Four Solas of Justification: |
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Definition
1. Sola Christus
2. Sola Gratia
3. Sola Fide
4. Sola Verbo |
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Term
| Catholic view of Justification: Definition, Tense, Christ, Result, Faith |
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Definition
Definition: Process of Transformation
Tense: Present
Christ: Source of Grace/Works in us -virtues - merit
Result: We are righteous partially to be fulfilled later
Faith: Cooperation |
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Term
| Protestant view of Justification: Definition, Tense, Christ, Result, Faith |
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Definition
Definition: Declaration of right standing
Tense: Past
Christ: He is our righteousness, we are "in Him"
Result: We are righteous by participation in Christ.
Faith: Response |
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Term
|
Definition
1. The process by which we turn away from sin and corruption...
2. so that we gradually become righteous like God...
3. by being like God, not being God. |
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Term
| Question that the Doctrine of Sanctification answers: |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Lutheran View of Sanctification: |
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Definition
| You have faith that God is doing transforming work. |
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Term
| Reformed View of Sanctification: |
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Definition
| You are united to Christ, participating in His holiness. "Become what you are" |
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Term
| Wesleyan View of Sanctification: |
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Definition
| Your heart is transformed by God's grace - entire sanctification, every instinct is aimed at God. |
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Term
| Keswick View of Sanctification: |
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Definition
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Term
| Question that the doctrine of the Holy Spirit answers: |
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Definition
| Who is the Holy Spirit, and what does the Spirit do? |
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Term
| 3 Truths about The Holy Spirit: |
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Definition
1. The Holy Spirit is a person in the trinity, God.
2. The spirit is associated with the New Covenant, as the indwelling presence of God.
3. The Spirit fulfills God's future promises in the present. |
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Term
| Three types of Exclusivism: |
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Definition
1. Restrictivism
2. Universal Opportunity
3. Postmortem Evangelism |
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Term
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Definition
| You need explicit knowledge of Jesus to be saved. |
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Term
|
Definition
| You need explicit knowledge of Jesus in this life to be saved. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Everyone needs to know Jesus to be saved but everyone gets a chance to know Jesus. |
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Term
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Definition
| The idea that repentance and forgiveness and reconciliation with God may be possible even after death. |
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Term
|
Definition
| The idea that you don't need to know Jesus' name to be saved. |
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Term
| Three relevant terms regarding inclusivism: |
|
Definition
1. The "Anonymous" Christian
2. Natural Theology
3. Other Religion |
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Term
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Definition
| The idea that you could be saved through Christ without ever hearing His name. |
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Term
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Definition
| Allows for salvation without any special revelation. |
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Term
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Definition
| Pretty self-explanatory, the idea that you could be saved through another religion. |
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Term
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Definition
| The idea that all roads lead to God. |
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Term
|
Definition
Total Depravity
Unconditional Election
Limited Atonement
Irresistible Grace
Perseverance of the Saints |
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Term
| Do the Arminians agree about...T? U? L? I? P? |
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Definition
| T? Yes U? No L? No I? No P? 50/50 |
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Term
| Question that the Doctrine of Ecclesiology answers: |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Three models of the Church: |
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Definition
1. The Church is an institution of salvation
2. Voluntary Association
3. The Church as a Missionary Outpost |
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Term
| The Church as an institution of salvation. |
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Definition
| The church doesn't do mission, we are mission. By existing, we are mission. |
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Term
| The church as a missionary outpost: |
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Definition
| Oriented around proclaiming the gospel to the world. |
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Term
| The Sacraments: Who is the primary actor? |
|
Definition
God - high
Human - low
God and Human -high |
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Term
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Definition
| A low view of the sacraments where only the human is acting. |
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Term
| 4 Views of The Lord's Supper: |
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Definition
1. Transubstantiation
2. Consubstantiation
3. Spiritual Presence
4. Memorial View |
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Term
|
Definition
| The doctrine that, in the Eucharist, the substance of the bread and the wine used in the sacrament is changed into the substance of the Body and the Blood of Jesus, while all that is accessible to the senses (the appearances - species in Latin) remains as before. |
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Term
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Definition
| It holds that during the sacrament of the Eucharist, the fundamental "substance" of the body and blood of Christ are present alongside the substance of the bread and wine, which remain present. |
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Term
| Memorial View of the Eucharist |
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Definition
| Memorialism is the belief held by some Protestant denominations that the elements of bread and wine (or juice) in the Eucharist (more often referred to as The Lord's Supper by memorialists) are purely symbolic representations of the body and blood of Jesus, the feast being established only or primarily as a commemorative ceremony. |
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Term
| Spiritual Presence in the Eucharist |
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Definition
| This theory holds that not only the Spirit of Christ, but also the true body and blood of Jesus Christ, are received by true believers in the Eucharist, through the sovereign, mysterious, and miraculous power of the Holy Spirit. |
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Term
| Question that the Doctrine of Eschatology answers: |
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Definition
| Where are we headed and what does that mean for our lives today? |
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Term
| 4 Themes in the Eschatology discussion: |
|
Definition
1. Resurrection
2. Second Coming
3. Final Judgment
4. Heaven and Hell |
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Term
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Definition
| Preterists believe that everything in Revelation was fulfilled in the 1st Century. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Amillennialism is a view in Christian end-times theology named for its rejection of the theory that Jesus Christ will have a thousand-year-long, physical reign on the earth. |
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Term
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Definition
| Millennialism is a belief held by some Christian denominations that there will be a Golden Age or Paradise on Earth in which "Christ will reign" for 1000 years prior to the final judgment and future eternal state (the "World to Come" of the New Heavens and New Earth). |
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Term
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Definition
| Premillennialism holds that Jesus' physical return to earth will occur prior to the inauguration of the millennium. |
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Term
| 5 points on the Final Judgment |
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Definition
1. Jesus will come again to judge the living and the dead.
2. Everyone will stand before the judgment seat of Christ.
3. The judgment is good news for Christians.
4. The standard of judgment is Jesus.
5. The coming judgment motivates us to pursue righteousness in the present. |
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Term
|
Definition
1. Jesus spoke about hell more than anyone else in the Bible.
2. Reality of hell emphasizes our utter dependence on God.
3. Reality of hell unveils the danger of living for yourself.
4. Preaching and teaching about hell reveals the depth of Christ's love for us. |
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Term
|
Definition
1. We must be guided about heaven by Gen. 1 + Rev. 21-22.
2. Heaven involves hope of an unmediated access to God.
3. Heaven will be an embodied place.
4. Heaven has implications for the present. |
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Term
|
Definition
| The view that the Church supercedes, or replaces, Israel. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| The view that the Church supercedes, or replaces, Israel because of Israel's disobedience. |
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Term
|
Definition
| The view that the Church supercedes, or replaces, Israel because it was God's plan all along. |
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Term
| Church/State: Constantinian Approach |
|
Definition
| Church and State working together in harmony |
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Term
| Church/State: Transformationist |
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Definition
| The Church exists within the state and works to influence the state as much as possible. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| The Church and the state should be completely separated. |
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Term
| Church/State: Two Kingdoms |
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Definition
| God is above both the Church and the State and guides both of them. Christians are allowed to participate in the State but they are still kept separate. |
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Term
| Church/State: Confessing Church |
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Definition
| Jesus is at the center of the Church and the Church exists within the State but doesn't get directly involved with the State. |
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Term
| Main Figure Associated with the Satisfaction View |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Main Figure Associated with the Subjective (Moral Influence) View |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Council of Nicea (325): Figures Involved |
|
Definition
| Arius, Alexander, Athanasius |
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|
Term
| Council of Nicea (325): Issue Debated |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Council of Nicea (325): Decision |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Council of Constantinople (381): Figures Involved |
|
Definition
| Gregory of Nazianzus, Eunomius |
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|
Term
| Council of Constantinople (381): Issue Debated |
|
Definition
| Arianism, Apollinarianism |
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|
Term
| Council of Constantinople (381): Decision |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Council of Ephesus (431): Figures Involved |
|
Definition
| Nestorius, Cyril of Alexandria |
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|
Term
| Council of Ephesus (431): Issue Debated |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Council of Ephesus (431): Decision |
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Definition
| Nestorianism is a heresy, also that Mary is the God Bearer (theotokos) |
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Term
| Council of Chalcedon (451): Figures Involved |
|
Definition
| Eutyches, Pope Leo the Great |
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|
Term
| Council of Chalcedon (451): Issue Debated |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Council of Chalcedon (451): Decison |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Second Council of Constantinople (533) "The Cleanup Council": Figures Involved |
|
Definition
| Theodore of Mopsuestia, Emperor Justinian, Origen |
|
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Term
| Second Council of Constantinople (533) "The Cleanup Council": Issue Debated |
|
Definition
| Theodore of Moepsuestia's writings (Nestorianism) |
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Term
| Second Council of Constantinople (533) "The Cleanup Council": Decision |
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Definition
| Theodore declared a heretic, his writings banned. |
|
|
Term
| Third Council of Constantinople (680): Figures Involved |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Third Council of Constantinople (680): Issue Debated |
|
Definition
| How many wills (minds) does Jesus have? Monothelitism - Jesus has one will. |
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|
Term
| Third Council of Constantinople (680): Decision |
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Definition
| Jesus has two wills (minds). |
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Term
| Second Council of Nicea (787): Figures Involved |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Second Council of Nicea (787): Issue Debated |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Second Council of Nicea (787): Decision |
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Definition
| Veneration of icons is acceptable, but worshipping icons is not. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Viewed as divinization of the human being Jesus. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Viewed as the indwelling of the divine in the human being Jesus. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Jesus Christ is complete in deity and complete in humanity.
He is one person in two natures without confusion, without change, without division, without separation. |
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Term
| What is the difference between Biblical inerrancy and infallibility? |
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Definition
| Infallibility says that the Bible is only completely true in all matters of faith and practice, while inerrancy says it is also true in regards to history and science. |
|
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Term
| Verbal Plenary Inspiration |
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Definition
| Verbal Plenary Inspiration means God the Holy Spirit so supernaturally directed the human writers of Scripture that, without waiving their intelligence, their individuality, their personal feelings, their literary style, or any other human factor of expression, His Complete and Coherent Message to mankind was recorded with perfect accuracy in the original languages of Scripture: the very words bearing the Authority of Divine Authorship. |
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|
Term
| The Verbal in Verbal Plenary Inspiration: |
|
Definition
| Verbal means the Bible in its original languages, from first to last (Autograph), is an exact record of the Mind and Will of God as He intended it to be. |
|
|
Term
| The Plenary in Verbal Plenary Inspiration: |
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Definition
| Plenary means the entire text of the Bible is equally from God, but not necessarily equally-important. |
|
|
Term
| Illumination of Scripture |
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Definition
| This refers to the Holy Spirit allowing us to understand the Bible. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| This teaches that the meanings of the text can be clear to the ordinary reader, that God uses the text of the Bible to communicate His person and will. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Relates to Sola Scriptura, the teaching that Scripture is the Church's only infallible and sufficient rule for deciding issues of faith and practices that involve doctrines. |
|
|
Term
| The Chicago Statement says... |
|
Definition
| that the Bible is infallible and inerrant, and was written to defend the position of Biblical inerrancy against a perceived trend toward liberal conceptions of Scripture |
|
|
Term
| Why do Arminians reject Unconditional Election? |
|
Definition
| They believe it is conditional on one's faith. |
|
|
Term
| Why do Arminians reject Limited Atonement? |
|
Definition
| 1 John 2:2: "And he is the propitiation for our sins: and not for ours only, but also for the sins of THE WHOLE WORLD." They believe Jesus died for everyone. |
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|
Term
| Why do Arminians reject Irresistible Grace? |
|
Definition
| Acts 7:51: "Ye stiff-necked and uncircumcised in heart and ears, ye do always RESIST the Holy Ghost: as your fathers did, so do ye." They believe that grace is resistible. |
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|
Term
| What do Arminians believe about Perseverance of the Saints? |
|
Definition
| They don't think we can be infallibly sure about final salvation, but we can be sure of salvation in the present by trusting in Jesus. |
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|
Term
| The Holy Spirit as a Seal |
|
Definition
| This means that the Holy Spirit serves as a seal of ownership on us, God's way of claiming us as His own, proving that we are Christians. |
|
|
Term
| The Holy Spirit as a Down Payment |
|
Definition
| This means that the Holy Spirit is a deposit guaranteeing our future inheritance until the redemption of those who are God’s possession. |
|
|
Term
| The Holy Spirit as First Fruits |
|
Definition
| This means that the Holy Spirit is the first fruits of the promise of a future harvest. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Cessationism is the view that the miraculous gifts of the Holy Spirit, such as speaking in tongues, prophetic utterances and faith healing, ceased being practiced early in Christian Church history. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Continuationism is a Christian theological belief that the gifts of the Holy Spirit have continued to this present age, specifically those sometimes called "sign gifts" such as tongues and prophecy. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The view that a group of people will be caught up (raptured) prior to the tribulation. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The post-tribulation rapture doctrine is the belief in a combined resurrection and rapture (e.g., resurrection-rapture) of all believers coming after the Great Tribulation. |
|
|
Term
| Gordon Fee on the Holy Spirit |
|
Definition
1. Most people are functional binitarians.
2. The Spirit should be understood as a person, not an impersonal force.
3. It should be songs of the Spirit instead of spiritual songs, or those who live by the Spirit instead of spiritual people. |
|
|
Term
| Justification: Martin Luther and the Council of Trent |
|
Definition
Martin Luther:
We are justified by faith in Christ, not by works of the law.
Council of Trent:
Justification is not by faith alone; good works are more than just fruits of obtained justification. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Sola fide is the teaching that justification (interpreted in Protestant theology as "being declared just by God") is received by faith only, without any mixture of or need for good works. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Sola scriptura is the teaching that the Bible is the only inspired and authoritative word of God, is the only source for Christian doctrine, and is accessible to all—that is, it is perspicuous and self-interpreting. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Sola gratia is the teaching that salvation comes by divine grace or "unmerited favor" only, not as something merited by the sinner. This means that salvation is an unearned gift from God for Jesus' sake. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Solus Christus is the teaching that Christ is the only mediator between God and man, and that there is salvation through no other (hence, the phrase is sometimes rendered in the ablative case, solo Christo, meaning that salvation is "by Christ alone"). |
|
|
Term
| Main points of T.F. Torrance |
|
Definition
| Theology is instinctual for some and not for others. Jesus took on our fallen mind but then healed it, just like he associated with lepers and healed them. The transformation of the human mind and its renewal through assimilation to the mind of Christ is something that has to go on throughout our whole life. |
|
|
Term
| Main points of Bonhoeffer |
|
Definition
Cheap grace is preaching forgiveness without repentance, whereas costly grace is the hidden treasure in the field.
None can call themselves to discipleship, because discipleship does not tolerate any conditions that could come between Jesus and obedience.
Only the believer obeys, and only the obedient believes. |
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