John Wycliff

John Hus

Martin Luther

Wittenburg, Oct. 31, 1517

triggers Protestant Reformation

"when a coin in the coffer clings, a soul from purgatory springs"

Luther opposed his view of indulgences

German

became a monk after lightning storm

lived an extreme monastic lifestyle

95 theses

justification by faith

(Luther)

sola fides

sola gratia

sola scriptura

against Eck

favorable to Hus

denied infallibility of papacy

1521

Luther declared a heretic

excommunicated

Martin Luther

priesthood of believers

no division between clergy and laity

clergy (pope) is NOT sole interpreter of Bible

two sacraments:

baptism (infant)

Lord's supper (consubstantiation)

Eucharist view:

Jesus is "with, in, around, above" us

how to interpret the bible

(Luther)

not everything is equally valuable

key is Christ, "what shows Christ"

princes should be Christian

alliance of church/state

Luther

Swiss Brethren

rubbed off to anabaptists

believer's baptism performed by Conrad Grebel

*start of anabaptist movement

believer's baptism

believer's church

the ban

Lord's supper: memorial

separation from the world

pacifists

religious liberty: separation of church/state

"anabaptist"

(meaning...)

written by Michael Sattler, 1527

anabaptist views

1534

tried to establish New Jerusalem by force

weren't pacifists

Menno Simons

most famous anabaptist group

believer's baptism

age of accountability

predestination is an abomination

memorized scriptures

used ban, separation from world

infants are innocent/saved if they die

anabaptists (mennonites)

developed by Augustine

-just cause

-declared/waged by lawful authority

-war must be last resort

-right intention (only way of securing peace)

-reasonable hope for victory

-good must outweigh bad effects of war

written by John Calvin

"best selling handbook"

systematic theology

Geneva

John Calvin

bible is rule book - persecuted for breaking laws

ecclesiastical ordinances

On the Errors of the Trinity

Restitution of Christianity

written by Michael Servetus

(Calvin's opponent)

burned at the stake

TULIP

(Calvin)

T otal depravity

U nconditional election (God elects, no say)

L imited atonement (atonement only for elected)

I rresistible grace (if he chooses you, it's done)

P erseverance of the saints

providence

(Calvin)

predestination

(Calvin)

doctrine how the elect render to God the glory for their salvation

absolute: based on God's unchanging will; election doesn't depend on foreknowledge of human achievement

double: some saved, some to hell according to God's will, not human merit

baptism

(Calvin)

infant

sign of covenant

faith of parent

Lord's supper

(Calvin)

spiritual nourishment/presence

take weekly

Defender of Faith

broke from Catholic church

formed the Church of England (Anglican)

he was head of the church

Henry VIII's daughter

return to Catholicism

killed a ton of people

"via media" - middle way

uniformity of worship

episcopal church government

written by Thomas Cranmer

uniformed worship

1. Episcopal - most conservative, wanted to abolish Roman practices (wedding ring, sign of cross, kneeling at communion)

2. Presbyterian - purify internal church policy, Calvinistic, reject Episcopal system

3. Separatist - most radical, split from church, congregationalism

protestants "reforming the reformation"

eliminate elements of 'popery' from Anglican church

separatist puritan

wrote Reformation Without Tarrying for Anie

congregationalism

church is gathered group of believers

infant baptism

Pilgrims

Holy Commonwealth, Massachusetts Bay Colony

TULIP Calvinist

glory of God

total depravity of man

preacher in First Great Awakening

hellfire and brimstone legacy

Jonathan Edwards

described horrors of hell

"you are a spider over a bottomless pit"

conscious religious experience of salvation

person who experienced it called a "convert"

they've been "saved" from their "lost" condition

this person has been "born again"

most famous revival preacher of 20th century

sinner's prayer

transubstantiation: affirmed

scripture: Latin Vulgate, includes Apocrypha, Rome/papacy has final interpretation

authority: ecclesiastical hierarchy

John Smyth, Thomas Helwys

(first church in Holland)

Arminian

Jesus died for ALL people

Calvinist

baptism

(beliver's baptism - Baptist belief)

soul competency

(baptist)

congregationalism

priesthood of all believers

Lord's supper

(Baptist)

1612

Thomas Helwys

religious liberty for everyone

Roger Williams

religious tolerance vs. religious libery

separation of church and state

no Holy Commonwealth

founder of First Baptist Church in America (RI)

religious freedom for everyone

separation of church and state

father - Samuel - Anglican minister

mother - Susanna - provided spiritual strength

brother - Charles - famous hymn writer

John Wesley, Oxford

group for serious devotion

methodical

severe obedience to law of hiliness

Christ as Judge

John Wesley

May 24, 1738

salvation by grace (Romans)

heart was strangely warmed

TULIP

(Wesley)

only affirms T

total depravity (inherit corrupt nature but not guilt)

Conditional Election - free will

General Atonement - unlimited, Jesus died for all

Prevenient Grace - not irresistible, prepares you

predestination

(Wesley)

evangelical ministry

(Methodism)

traveler/field preaching

no desire to break from Anglican church

religious societies: small groups, lifegroups...

lay preachers

women gain leadership positions

South Carolina

influential baptist preacher

pro slavery

Christ of culture

wrote his letter responding to slave revolt

abolitionists: treat others as you'd want to be treated yourself

Furman: deals with behavior; treat slaves well, teach them the bible, don't beat them

slaves in OT, Leviticus

NT, Paul talks about slaves

Jesus never said anything about slavery - his silence means that it must be okay

1. story of Adam and Eve

2. story of Cain and Abel

3. story of Noah