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| wrote "Confessions"- story about a christian's daily life |
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| Augustine's mother who was a devout Christian and prayed for his salvation daily |
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| Augustine's son who he had with his concubine-means gift of God |
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| Mani was called to create a religion that would supersede all previously existing religions. At the heart of the teaching is that from the beginning of time there has been darkness and light |
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| special group of Manichean leaders who were vegetarian and celibate |
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| learned Christian Bishop and former provincial governor.Taught Augustine |
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| opponents of Caecilian, appealed to emperor Constantine. He denied there appeal and from that point on were a branch of Christianity that was underground. Thrived in North Africa |
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| the fall of man. Adam and Eve |
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| gave spiritual advice to Christians in Rome. Like Augustine, a bitter opponet of Manichees. Taught Christians to live a simple, poor life. Got in to conflicts with Augustine about varying views on sin, grace, and human nature |
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| in Augustine's theology. God decided beforehand who would be save and who would be damned |
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| the capital of the Roman Empire during Constantine's reign. He moved it here to unite the empire more |
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| attempted to restore Roman rule in the West. His military expeditions into Italy and North Africa to restore Roman territory were generally successful, although the lands were lost again immediately after his death |
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| formed from Greek words meaning "right praise" or "right opinion." Orthodox Christians consider themselves to be a single church in the sense they share a single faith, however Orthodoxy is a communion of churches |
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| Christian scholar who celebrated Constantine's reign, "as in heaven, so on earth." Emperor serves as God's lieutenant on earth. |
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| (Church of Holy Wisdom) built by Justinian as image of harmonious working together of empire and church for common good |
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| civil ruler also served as head of church |
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| visual representation of Christ, Mary, angels, or saints |
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| saw icons as fundamental to the authentic profession of Christian faith. |
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| considered veneration of icons as superstitious at best and idolatrous at worst |
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| "icon screen", a wall bearing icons arranged in a prescribed order, which divides the sanctuary from the nave |
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| "inner stillness" or "silence of heart." |
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| used by hesychast to seek hesychia. "Lord Jesus Christ, Son of the living God, have mercy on me, a sinner" |
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| defended the heschyiasts in "The Triads."taught on the energies of God. his teachings were confirmed by local councils and the hesychast movement was validated |
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| difference between Catholics having the Pope has their leader and Eastern Christianity Church not having one leader. |
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| Assyrian Church was called this because in accepted the Christology promoted by Nestoriusm that Jesus had two separate natures (one the perfect man without sin who is son of Mary in flesh, the other the divine word of God, or Logos settled within him) |
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| developed urban monasticism. saw hospitality for society's marginalized as a special mark of monastic vocation. his monks lived close to cities and helped care for sick, raise orphans and provide food and clothing for poor |
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| father of Western Monasticism. Organized monasteries for monks and nuns near Marseilles. Wrote The Conferences and The Institutes |
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| wrote standardized form of monasticism. prayed 8 times a day. Pray and Work(Ora et labora) |
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| landlords deeded monks land to build monasteries. monasteries then had to provide military assistance and hire serfs to work land |
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| emperors took upon right to appoint church officials. they appointed men with family connections. |
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| buying and selling of spiritual things, including leadership positions |
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| monastic reformers spoke out against it. Catholics require this of bishops til this day |
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| known as Gregory the Great. In his early life he sold all his possesions and lived the monastery life and helped the poor. As Pope he directed many missions to Germany. Sent Augustine to British Isles to evangelize |
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| Was part of the reform movement. Spoke out against lay investiture, simony, and concubinage. After Emperor appointed officials who weren't worthy, Gregory excommunicated him and said he didn't have any authority as emperor. |
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| book of prayers needed by a priest to celebrate Eucharist. composed by Gregory 1. |
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| fusion of sober classical Roman prayer with dramatic, exuberant Frankish, primary form of liturgy for Roman Church. attempt to standardize worship |
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| fusion of chants used in city of Rome together with native chants of Frankish Churches. sung in unison so people could here biblical texts |
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| adaption of ancient Roman architectural practices to the changed circumstances of early Middle Ages. developed stane vautled buildings, heavy walls, and piers. |
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| Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite |
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| most important early midieval theologian. all affirmations concerning God must be denied since the divine reality supersedes any earthly quality that might be used to describe it. |
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| Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite |
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| most important early midieval theologian. all affirmations concerning God must be denied since the divine reality supersedes any earthly quality that might be used to describe it. |
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| Symeon the New Theologian |
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| monk, abbot, theologian, and poet, one of most Spirit-centered of all Christian writers. Possible for every baptized Christian to attain direct conscious experience with the holy spirit |
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| Benedictine monk who eventually rose to Archbishop of Canterbury. Said God had to become human to forgive our sins. argued that God(who is bigger than thought) had to exist since we could think of him |
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