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| Group of stars that forms a pattern in the sky that looks like a familiar object, animal, or character |
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| Measure of the amount of light a star actually gives off |
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| Measure of the amount of light from a star that is received on Earth |
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| The distance that light travels in one year |
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| Lowest layer of the Sun's atmosphere; gives off light and has temperatures of about 6,000K |
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| Layer of the Sun's atmosphere above the photoshere |
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| Outermost, largest layer of the Sun's atmosphere; extends millions of kilometers into space and has temperatures up to 2,000,000K |
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| Areas on the Sun's surface that are cooler and less bright than surrounding areas, are caused by the Sun's magnetic field, and occur in cycles |
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| Late stage in the life cycle of comaratively low-mass main sequence star in which hydrogen in the core is deleted, the core contracts and temperatures inside the star increase, causing its outer layers to expand and cool |
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| Late stage in the life cycle of comaratively low-mass main sequence star; formed when its core depletes its helium and its outer layers escape into space, leaving behind a hot dense core |
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| Late stage in the life cycle of a massive star in which the core heats up, heavy elements form by fusion, and the star expands; can eventually explode to form a supernova |
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| Collapsed core of a supernova that can shrink about 20km in diameter and conains only neutrons in the dense core |
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| Final stage in the evolution of a very massive star, where the core's mass collapses to a point that its gravity is so strong that not even light can escape |
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| Large group of stars, dust, and gas held together by gravity; can be elliptical, spiral, or irregular |
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| States that about 13.7 billion years ago, the universe began with a huge, fiery explosion |
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| Large cloud of gas and dust that contracts under gravitational force and breaks apart into smaller pieces, each of which might collapse to form a star |
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| CME (coronal mass ejections) |
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Definition
| Large ejections of electrically charged gas |
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| How can the Sun be classified? |
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Definition
| The sun can be classified as an average star |
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| How is the energy of the Sun produced? |
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Definition
| The Sun produces its energy by combining hydrogen into helium in its core |
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| How does our Sun differ from most other main sequence stars? |
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Definition
| Our Sun is the closest to Earth |
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Term
| How long is a light year? |
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Definition
| 9.5 trillion kilometers long |
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Term
| How far is Proxima Centauri from our solar syatem? |
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Definition
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| How do CMEs affect Earth? |
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Definition
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| How are sunspots related to prominences and solar flares? |
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Definition
| Sunspots cause solar flares and prominences because sunspots have intense magnetic fields |
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| True or Faulse; the Sun is a main sequence star |
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| True or Faulse; Polaris is in Ursa Major |
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| What are the three types of galaxys? |
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Definition
| Spiral, elliptical, or irregular |
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