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| Community: a group of interacting populations that occupy the same area at the same time |
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| abiotic limiting factors include sunlight, climate temperature, water, Nutrients, fire, soil, chemistry and space |
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| the ability of any organism to survive when subjected to abiotc factors or biotic factor is called Tolerance. |
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| The Change in an ecosystem that happen when one community replace another as a result of changing abotic and biotic factors. |
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| The orderly and predictable that takes place after a community of organisms has been removed , but the soil has remained intact. |
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| The establishment of a community in an area of exposed rock that does not have any top soil |
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| The stable, mature community that results when there is little change in the composition of species. |
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| the condition of the atmosphere at a specific place & Time. |
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| The distance of any point on the surface of the earth North and South. |
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| the average weather conditions in an area including temperature and precipition |
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| is a treeless biome with a layer of permanently frozen soil below the surface called permafrost. |
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| South of the tundra is a broad band of dense evergreen forest extending across North America |
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| composed mostly of broad-leaved, deciduous trees_____ trees that shed their leaves in autumn. |
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| Temperate Woodlands and scrubland |
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| open woodland and mixed shrub communities are found in areas with less annual rainfall than in temperate forest. |
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| A brome that is characterized by fertile soil that are able to support a thick cover of grasses. |
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| a area in which the annual rate of evaporation exceeds the rate of precipitation |
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| Characterized by grasses and scattered trees in climates that receive less precipitation. |
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| Tropical seasonal forests |
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| called tropical dry forests, almost all of the trees drop their leaves to conserve water. |
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| Tall broad leaves trees with branches heavy with mosses, fern and orchids make up the canopy, Shorter trees shrubs and plants make up another layer. |
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| these regions are cold all year, Antarctica, Arctic Ocean, Greenland, the arctic summer in some areas is warm enough for vegetables to be grown |
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| is material that is deposit by water, wind or glaciers |
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| The area closet to the shore. |
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| Free-floating photosynthetic authotrophs that live in fresh water or marine ecosystems. |
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| Area of land such as marshes Swamp& log. |
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| where fresh water meets saltwater |
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| is a narrow band where the ocean meets land |
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| Minimal light deepest area colder&lower in oxygen |
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| shallow enough that sunlight is able penetrate as depth increase light decrease. |
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| ; Area where sunlight is unable to penetrate. |
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| Ocean floor that consists of sand, silt, dead organisms |
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| water is very cold, on the seafloor along the boundaries of gearth plate hydrothermal vents spew large amounts of hot water, hydrogen sulfide and other minerals |
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