Term
| Which of the following is an attribute of living things? |
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Definition
| They must be able to evolve and adapt. |
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Term
| Emergent properties of living systems are defined as properties that _____. () |
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Definition
are due to the arrangement and interactions of parts as complexity increases
Emergent properties are novel properties not present at the level of biological organization just below. Emergent properties arise from the arrangement and interactions of parts as complexity increases. |
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Term
| Sequencing a protein to discover the sequence of amino acids that make it up is an example of _____. Understanding how that protein works with other proteins in a cell is an example of _____. () |
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Definition
reductionism … systems biology
Reductionism seeks to reduce complex systems to simpler, more manageable components. Systems biology seeks to understand how all the parts function together. |
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Term
| In an ecosystem, nutrients _____ and energy _____. () |
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Definition
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Term
| The energy used by most organisms for metabolism and growth ultimately comes from _____. () |
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Definition
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Term
| Which kingdom within the domain Eukarya is composed of organisms that are generally unicellular (single-celled)? () |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following statements is most clearly inductively derived? () |
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Definition
If the animals observed require organic molecules as nutrients, then it can be concluded that all animals require organic molecules as nutrients.
Induction moves from a set of specific observations (humans require organic molecules, fish require organic molecules, etc.) to reach a general conclusion (all animals require organic molecules). |
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Term
| At which point is a scientific investigator most likely to use deductive reasoning? () |
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Definition
| in establishing a test of a hypothesis |
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Term
| The reason that coastal climates are more moderate than inland climates is due primarily to water's high _____. ( ) |
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Definition
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Term
| Why is the increasing amount of carbon dioxide being taken up by the oceans a cause for concern? ( ) |
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Definition
| More carbon dioxide causes an increase in carbonic acid (H2CO3), which leads to a decrease in the concentration of carbonate ion (CO32-). |
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Term
| A straight-chain carbon compound constructed from _____ must contain at least one carbon-carbon double bond. ( ) |
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Definition
| six hydrogen, three carbon |
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Term
| Glucose and hexanoic acid each contain six carbon atoms, but they have completely different properties. Glucose is a nutrient found in food; hexanoic acid is poisonous. Their differences must be due to different _____. ( ) |
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Definition
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Term
| Although the structures of the functional groups that are most important to life vary, they share one thing in common: They _____. ( ) |
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Definition
| all are hydrophilic and increase the organic compound's water solubility |
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Term
| When a protein is denatured, why does it lose its functionality? ( ) |
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Definition
| Denaturation breaks the weak bonds, such as hydrogen bonds and van der Waals interactions, that hold the protein in its three-dimensional shape. Without the proper shape, the protein cannot function. |
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Term
| Which of the following lists ranks these molecules in the correct order by size? ( ) |
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Definition
| protein, sucrose, glucose, water |
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Term
| Which of the following structures is found in eukaryotic but not prokaryotic cells? () |
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Definition
mitochondria
Correct. Only eukaryotic cells have membranous organelles such as mitochondria. |
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Term
mitochondria
Correct. Only eukaryotic cells have membranous organelles such as mitochondria. |
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Definition
| ribosomes, plasma membrane, cytoplasm |
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Term
| ribosomes, plasma membrane, cytoplasm |
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Definition
| Subunits of ribosomes are assembled in the nucleolus and pass through the nuclear membrane via the nuclear pores. |
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Term
| Which of the following organelles is unlikely to show enhanced abundance in pancreatic cells that secrete large amounts of digestive enzymes? () |
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Definition
| free cytoplasmic ribosomes |
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Term
| You would expect a cell with an extensive Golgi apparatus to _____. () |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following is a possible reason for grouping the peroxisomes with chloroplasts and mitochondria? () |
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Definition
| None of these organelles are part of the endomembrane system. |
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Term
| None of these organelles are part of the endomembrane system. (about mitochondria) |
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Definition
Mitochondria contain ribosomes in the intermembrane space.
Correct. The ribosomes in the mitochondria are found in the matrix of the mitochondria, not in the intermembrane space. |
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Term
| Cilia and flagella move due to the interaction of the cytoskeleton with which of the following? () |
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Definition
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Term
| The walls of plant cells are largely composed of polysaccharides and proteins that are synthesized _____. () |
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Definition
| in the rough endoplasmic reticulum and in the Golgi apparatus |
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Term
| The plasma membrane is referred to as a "fluid mosaic" structure. Which of the following statements about that model is true? () |
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Definition
| The plasma membrane is referred to as a "fluid mosaic" structure. Which of the following statements about that model is true? () |
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Term
| Consider the currently accepted fluid mosaic model of the plasma membrane. Where in the plasma membrane would cholesterol most likely be found? () |
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Definition
| in the interior of the membrane |
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Term
| Active transport requires an input of energy and can also generate voltages across membranes. Based on this information, which of the following statements is true? ( |
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Definition
| The sodium/potassium pump hydrolyzes ATP and results in a net charge of +1 outside the cell membrane. |
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Term
| A cell has a membrane potential of -100 mV (more negative inside than outside) and has 1,000 times more calcium ions outside the cell than inside. Which of the following best describes a mechanism by which Ca2+ enters the cell? () |
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Definition
| facilitated diffusion of Ca2+ into the cell down its electrochemical gradient |
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Term
| Which of the following statements about cotransport of solutes across a membrane is correct? () |
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Definition
| Cotransport proteins allow a single ATP-powered pump to drive the active transport of many different solutes. |
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Term
| Which of the following processes and organelle(s) accounts for the replacement of lipids and proteins lost from the plasma membrane? () |
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Definition
| exocytosis and smooth and rough ER |
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