Term
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Definition
| A preparation containing whole or fractionated microorganisms which cause the body's immune system to manufacture antibodies directed against the microbe from which teh vaccine was made. |
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Term
| What are the two major classes of vaccine? |
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Definition
1. Killed - composed of whole, killed microbes or isolated microbial components
2. Live - live microbes that are weakened or rendered completely antivirulent |
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Term
| A bacterial toxin that has been changed to a nontoxic form and causes the immune system to manufacture antitoxins. |
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Definition
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Term
| Production of both active immunity and passive immunity. |
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Definition
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Term
| Production of active immunity only. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the difference between active and passive immunity? |
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Definition
Active immunity develops in response to infection or vaccine/toxoid. It takes weeks to develop and is long lasting.
Passive immunity is conferred by giving the patient preformed antibodies, protects immediately, and works only as long as the antibodies remain in the body. |
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Term
| Preparations which contain a high concentration of antibodies directed against a specific antigen. |
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Definition
| Specific Immune Glogulins |
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Term
| A program directed at preventing epidemics of childhood illnesses by improving vaccine delivery systems, increasing community participation, reducing vaccine costs to parents, developing safer and simpler vaccines, and involving more federal agencies in providing vaccines to communities that otherwise might not have access to them. |
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Definition
| The Childhood Immunization Initiative |
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Term
| What are the most common side effects of immunizations? |
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Definition
| local reactions such as discomfort, swelling, and erythema at the injection site. |
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Term
| What is a rare but severe side effect of the MMR vaccination? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a rare but serious side effect of Diptheria, tetanus and pertussis vaccinations? |
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Definition
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Term
| What rare but serios side effect can occure with the poliovirus vaccine? |
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Definition
| Vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis |
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Term
| What law requires that Vaccine Information Statements be given to all vaccinees before certain vaccines are administered? |
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Definition
| The National Childhood Vaccine Injury Act |
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Term
| Which organizations are responsible for revising recommendations for childhood immunizations in the United States? |
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Definition
1. the CDC's Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP)
2. American Academy of Family Physicians
3. American Academy fo Pediatrics
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Term
| What is the most serious complication of measles infection? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the greatest danger of Rubella infection? |
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Definition
| Miscarriage, stillbirth, and congenital birth defects if the infected patient is pregnant. |
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Term
| What are the three bacillus related infections covered by the DTAP vaccination? |
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Definition
| Diphtheria, Tetanus and Pertussis |
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Term
| A viral disease in which the neurons of the central nervous system are attacked, causing skeletal muscle paralysis, usually in the legs. |
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Definition
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Term
| This bacterium is the leading cause of serious illness in children under the age of 5 years. |
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Definition
| Haemophilus influenza Type b |
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Term
| What is the causative organism in chickenpox infection? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the most common modes of transmission for Hepatitis B? |
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Definition
| Needle stick accidents, sexual contact with an infected partner, maternal-child transmission during childbirth, and use fo contaminated IV equipment or solutions. |
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Term
| What is the usual mode of transmission for Hepatitis A? |
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Definition
| Fecal-oral contact, contaminated food or water. |
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Term
| What is the leading cause of childhood meningitis, sepsis, pneumonia, and otitis media? |
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Definition
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Term
| This disease is the most common diarrheal pathogen worldwide. |
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Definition
| Rotavirus gastroenteritis |
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Term
| Is MMR a killed or a live vaccine? |
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Definition
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Term
| What severe reactions can present with MMR vaccination? |
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Definition
| anaphylaxis, transient thrombocytopenia, fever, local reactions |
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Term
| When should MMR NOT be given? |
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Definition
1. If the patient is pregnant
2. Children with severe immunodeficiency |
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Term
| Is the DTaP Vaccine killed, or live? |
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Definition
Toxoids for diphtheria and tetanus
plus
inactivated bacteria for pertussis |
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Term
| What are the severe reactions possible with the DTaP vaccine? |
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Definition
| acute encephalopathy, convulsions, shock-like state |
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Term
| When should DTaP NOT be admninistered? |
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Definition
1. Children with moderate or severe febrile illness
2. Prior vaccination with DTaP produced an immediate anaphylactic reaction or encephalopathy within 7 days of vaccination |
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Term
| What are the two different types of polio vaccination, and are they killed or live? |
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Definition
1. oral poliovirus vaccine (Sabin vaccine) : live
2. Inactivated poliovirus vaccine (Salk vaccine) : inactivated |
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Term
| What are the severe reactions possible with polio vaccination? |
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Definition
| vaccine associated paralytic poliomyelitis (OPV only) |
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Term
| Is Haemophilus influenzae Type b conjugate vaccine live or killed? |
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Definition
| Neither. It's a bacterial polysaccharide conjugated to protein. |
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Term
| Are there any serious adverse reactions with Haemophilus influenzae Type b Conjugate vaccine? |
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Definition
| No, mild local reactions are the only reported complications. |
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Term
Is the Varicella vaccine live or killed? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the possible serious reactions for varicella vaccination? |
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Definition
| None reported. Mild local reactions including a local or generalized varicella-like rash have been reported. |
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Term
| When should the varicella vaccine NOT be given? |
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Definition
1. In pregnant women
2. Individuals with certain cancers (leukemia, lymphomas)
3. Individuals with hypersensitivity to neomycin or gelatin.
4. Individuals who are immunocompromised |
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Term
| How long should children avoid aspirin or other salycilates after receiving the varicella vaccine? |
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Definition
| Six weeks, due to increased risk for developing Reye's syndrome |
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Term
| Is the Hepatitis vaccine live or killed? |
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Definition
| It is an inactivated viral antigen |
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Term
| What are the serious reactions possible with the Hepatitis B vaccine? |
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Definition
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Term
| Is the Hepatitis A vaccine live or killed? |
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Definition
| It is an inactivated viral antigen |
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Term
| What serious reactions are possible with the Hepatitis A vaccine? |
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Definition
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Term
| Is the Pneumococcal vaccines live or killed? |
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Definition
| Neither. Both varieties of pneumococcal vaccine (Prevnar - a conjugate and Pneumovax - unconjugated) are bacterial polysaccharides. |
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Term
| What are the possible serious reactions to the pneumococcal vaccines? |
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Definition
| None reported. Local reactions, fever and irritability are the most common concerns. |
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Term
| Is the influenza vaccine live or killed? |
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Definition
1. Inactivated influenza vaccine (Fluzone, Fluvirin) - inactive viral antigen
2. Influenza vaccine (FluMist) - Live virus |
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Term
| Are there any serious reactions known with influenza vaccines? |
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Definition
| Possible Guillain-Barre syndrome (unproven) |
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Term
| Is the meningococcal vaccine live or killed? |
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Definition
| Neither. Both are bacterial polysaccharides. |
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Term
| Are there any serious reactions with the meningococcal vaccine? |
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Definition
| None. Local reactions, headache and fever have been reported. |
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Term
| Is the rotavirus vaccine live or killed? |
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Definition
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Term
| Are there any serious reactions associated with the rotavirus vaccine? |
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Definition
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Term
| Is the HPV vaccine live or killed? |
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Definition
| Neither. DNA-free virus-like particles |
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Term
| Are there any serious reactions associated with HPV vaccination? |
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Definition
| Possible Guillain-Barre syndrome (unproven) |
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Term
| Are there any reasons a Hepatitis B vaccine should NOT be given? |
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Definition
| Prior anaphylaxis with either Hepatitis B vaccine or baker's yeast |
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Term
| Is there any reason Rotavirus vaccine should NOT be given? |
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Definition
| Children with a history of intussusception |
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Term
| Are there any reasons HPV vaccine should NOT be given? |
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Definition
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Term
| What kind of vaccines were said to be related to autism, but without a proven link? |
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Definition
| thimerosal-containing vaccines |
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Term
| What class of drugs should be avoided before and immediately after vaccination due to a reduction in the immune response to vaccines? |
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Definition
| Antipyretics such as ibuprofen and acetaminophen |
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