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a method cell division used by prokaryotes cells.
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| only requires one parent cell which divides and results into two organisms that are genetically identical to the parent |
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| requires two parents to donate genetic information from to produce a unique individual |
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interphase
prophase
metaphase
anaphase
telophase |
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| once such organs such as the brain has completely developed, certain types of cells, such as nerve cells enter _______ stage and can no longer divide |
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| DNA wrapped around histone proteins |
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| is one of two parallel parts of a chromosome. each chromosome contains one DNA molecule |
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| a plant cell structure that begins to form in the center of the cell and proceeds to the cell membrane, resulting in cytokinesis |
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| a desease caused by the failure to control cell division. cellls divide too often and interferes w/ normal body functions |
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proteins that encourage cell division |
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proteins that discourage cell division |
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| p53, a tumor-suppressor gene |
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Definition
—Near the end of G1, the ___ protein identifies if the cell’s DNA is damaged.
—If the DNA is healthy, the ____ allows the cell to divide.
—If the DNA is damaged, ____ activates other proteins that will repair the DNA. |
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| agents that chemically damage or mutate DNA |
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| mutagens that cause cancer |
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| a cell mass that doesnt happen of spread past its original cell growth |
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| tumors are cell masses that fragment, spread and invade other tissues. |
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| move from its original position and begin to grow new tumors in other regions of the body |
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injection of a toxic chemical that
will target rapidly dividing cells.
—Normal cells that divide rapidly will suffer as well.
—Weakens the immune system
—Causes hair loss |
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Definition
radiation is directly beamed on the tumor
—Uses x-rays or gamma rays directed at the tumor to kill the cancerous cells
—Whole-body radiation is used to treat leukemia.
—Can lead to radiation sickness
Nausea, hair loss, etc. |
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Term
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Definition
gamete
zygote
stem cells
determination
differentation
haploid
diploid
gonads
fertilization
homologous chromosoems
nonhomologous chromosoems
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Term
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Definition
term for haploid reproductive cells (sperm egg)
when you put these together you get a zygote |
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zygote
(result of two sex cells egg and sperm combing) |
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Definition
During sexual reproduction, fertilization of an egg, by a sperm, results in a single-celled |
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Definition
cells that can differentiate into any type of cell, including the liver, skin, and brain cells. embryonic and hematopoeitic
a cell that can differente into alot of different cells |
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which genes are gonna be expressed.
what this gene will be when it grows up |
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| the process of forming specialized cells w/in a multicellular organism |
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one complete sets of chromosomes
in sex cells |
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cells carry two complete copies of their genetic information
in somatic cells |
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makes gametes
associated w/ reproduction
testes, anther, ovaries, pistil |
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| Eggs are made in ovaries animals and |
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Definition
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—Sperm are made in testes (animals) |
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the joining of haploid nuclei, usually from an egg and a sperm cell, resulting in a diploid cell called a zygote
joining together of two gametes |
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a pair of chromosomes in a diploid cell that contain similar genes in corresponding loci throughout their length
chromo somes that are the same size and same gene in the same place |
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—Non-homologous chromosomes |
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Definition
—Have different genes on their DNA |
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—Meiosis
2 of every step
happens in sex cells only |
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Definition
- method of eukaryotic cell division that results in daughter cells that carry half the genetic information of the parent cell
interphase
prophase I
metaphase I
anaphase I
telophase I
interphase II
prophase II
metaphase II
anaphase II
telophase II |
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Term
Genetic diversity-
The advantage of sex |
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Definition
why did nature decide to join the egg and sperm
—Mutation
—Crossing-over
—Segregation
—Independent assortment
—Fertilization |
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specific version of a gene
always 2 versions: dominant and recessive |
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the spot on the chromosome where the allele is located
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any pair of genes that tend to be transmitted together
genes located on the same chromosome |
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all your chromosomes laid out on a picturen so you can look @ them |
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Definition
| homologous chromosomes dont seperate like their suppose to during cell division |
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| describes a cell that has just one of a given pair of chromosomes. |
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| a cell that has three copies of a given chromosome. |
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—Three copies of chromosome #21
—Results in 47 chromosomes instead of 46
what happens when u have trisomy (3 sets of 1 chromosome) |
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| is a cell type in an immortal cell line used in scientific research. It is one of the oldest and most commonly used human cell lines.[ |
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| what is the difference between meoisis and mitosis |
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Definition
mitosis produces cells genetically indentical to the parent
meosisi produce cells w/ half the genetic informatioon as the parent |
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Term
| because it has DNA inside it |
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Definition
| why is it that stem cell can become any cell |
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| to change genetics over time to survive and adaption to the ever changing conditions of the planet |
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| why did nature decide to go from mitosis to meosis |
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| yes. all cellls of the body are diploid. except the egg and the sperm ( gametes are haploid) |
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| are somatic cells diploid |
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ATP
you need glucose to make ATP. |
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Definition
| glucose is the # one source for the brain to make |
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