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Chp 8,11,12,16 Sociology test prep
Sociology Henslin 11th edition flash cards
44
Sociology
Undergraduate 1
07/28/2012

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Cards

Term
What is an stigma?
Definition
"blemishes" or "faults" that discredit a person's claim to a "normal" identity.
Term
What is an deviance?
Definition
the violation of a norm.
Term
What is the control theory?
Definition
The theory that suggests that there are two control systems that helps a person not to deviate. There is a outer and an inner system.
Term
In terms of the control theory, in what one phrase it can be summarized? In what time period in the person's life?
Definition
socialization
childhood
Term
In terms of the control theory, how can parents help their child develop self control?
Definition
By supervising them and punishing them for deviant acts.
Term
What is a degradation ceremony?
Definition
a term coined by Harold Garfinkel to refer to a ritual whose goal is to remake someone's self identity by stripping away that individual's self identity and placing it with an new identity.
Term
What are the Four Deviant Paths?
Definition
Innovators
Ritualism
Retreatism
Rebellion
Term
What is white collar crime?
What is there nickname?
Definition
Crimes that people of high status and respect commit during their course of their career or occupation.
"men in suits"
Term
How much does white collar crime cost society? How many times is that more that street crimes?
Definition
several hundred billion dollars a year
at least ten times the cost
Term
Even though African-Americans make up just 12.8 percent of the U.S. what is the ratio of prisoners are African-American?
Definition
2 out of 5 prisoners are AA.
Term
What does the conflict theory suggest?
Definition
That laws are built to serve the elite, at the the expense of the lower class.
Term
Federal trade commission
Definition
ask
Term
What is the recidivism rate?
Definition
the percentage of released convicts who are rearrested.
Term
For People sent to prison for crimes of violence, within the first 3 years of their release, how many are rearrested? How many are sent back to prison?
Definition
2 out of 3 are rearrested (62 percent).
Half (52 percent) are sent back to prison.
Term
What is gender stratification?
Definition
males' and females' unequal access to property, power and prestige.
Term
Why is gender because it is what kind of status?
Definition
master status
Term
Time after time, researchers have found that boys and men that have higher levels of testosterone tend to be what?
Definition
boys and men that have higher levels of testosterone tend to be more aggressive?
Term
Universally what is given to male activities-regardless of what those activities are?
Definition
greater prestige
Term
It's not the work that provides the prestige, but the _____ with which the work is associated?
Definition
sex
Term
Does woman earn less than men across the world or just the united states? How much does woman earn as an percentage from men in USA?
Definition
Across the world or in every nation.
about 70 percent.
Term
Is female circumcision violence against women?
Definition
yes it surely is.
Term
Of USA's top 500 companies, how many of those are led by women?
Definition
12 out of the 500 companies.
Term
What is the glass ceiling?
Definition
the mostly invisible barrier that keeps women from advancing to the top levels at work.
Term
What is sexual harassment?
Definition
the abuse of one's position of authority to force unwanted sexual demands on someone.
Term
How many races are there?
Definition
The term "race" is so arbitrary that biologists and anthropologists cannot agree on how many "races" there are.
Term
What is ethnicity?
Definition
Having distinctive cultural characteristics.
Term
What are the four minority group characteristics?
Definition
1) Physical or cultural traits are held in low esteem.
2) They are treated unfairly.
3) Tend to marry within their group
4) Ascribed status
Term
What is discrimination?
Definition
an act of unfair treatment directed against an individual or a group.
Term
What is prejudice?
Definition
an attitude or pre-judging, usually in a negative way.
Term
What is the difference between discrimination and prejudice?
Definition
discrimination is an act, where as prejudice is an attitude.
Term
Based off the study of Banaji and Greenwald what is the findings they made about showing picture of whites and blacks to people?
Definition
That negative biased perception was practiced by both blacks and whites. The findings show that we all learn the ethnic maps of our culture and along with them their route to biased perception.
Term
What is assimilation?
Definition
the process of being absorbed into the mainstream culture.
Term
What is is the two types of assimilation?
Definition
Forced and permissible assimilation
Term
What and when was the Civil Rights Act?
Definition
Civil Rights Act made it illegal to discriminate based off of race. In 1964.
Term
What is pan-Indianism?
Definition
"We are all Indians" an attempt to develop an identity that goes beyond tribes that also emphasize the common elements of the tribe.
Term
Does native Americans say it should be them that recognize that they should establish the common elements that makes them all Indians?
Definition
yes.
Term
What is polygamy?
Definition
a form of marriage in which men has more than one wife.
Term
What is polyandry?
Definition
a form of marriage in which a woman has more that one husband.
Term
What is a family?
Definition
two or more people that are related either by blood, adoption, or marriage.
Term
What is a household?
Definition
people who occupy a living space together.
Term
What is a nuclear family?
Definition
a family that consists of the husband, wife and child(ren).
Term
What is some of the differences between Indian and American marriage?
Definition
Parents arrange 90 percent of marriages in India while America doesn't arrange marriages.

It's about protecting the caste system in India, whereas in America there is really no such thing.

Now though Indian couples have veto power over an parent's selection.

They are allowed to talk to each other now as well
Term
What's true about African american marriage?
Definition
AA families are the least likely to be headed by married couples and most likely to be headed by a female.

Because AA women tend to go farther in college, they face a marriage squeeze.
Term
What are some problems of having single parent woman headed households?

What about children in single parent women headed households?
Definition
Women that head single households tend to be poor.

Children tend to have more behavioral problems, drop outta school to get arrested, and to have physical and emotional health problems, and to get an divorce.
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