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| the process by which cells obtain energy from carbohydrates; atmospheric oxygen combines with glucose to form water and carbon dioxide |
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| acetyl coenzyme A, a compound that is synthesized by cells and that plays a major role in metabolism. |
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| the anaerobic process by which yeasts and other microorganisms break down sugars to form carbon dioxide and ethanol. |
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| describes a process that does not require oxygen |
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| the process in which pyruvic acid is broken down and NADH is used to make a large amount of ATP ; the part of respiration that is carried out in the presence of oxygen |
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| a six-carbon compound formed in the Krebs Cycle. |
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| the break down of carbohydrates by enzymes, bacterias, yeasts, or mold in the abscence of oxygen |
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| flavatine adenine dinucleotide, a compound that acts like a hydrogen acceptor in dehydrogenation reactions |
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| the anaerobic breakdown of glucose to pyruvic acid, which makes a small amount of energy available to cells in the form of ATP |
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| a series of biochemical reactions that convert pyruvic acid into carbon dioxide and water; it is the major pathway of oxidation in animal, bacterical, and plant cells, and it releases energy |
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| a unit of energy equal to 1,000 calories |
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| the chemical breakdown of carbohydrates that produces lactic acid as the main end product |
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| the fluid that is inside the inner membrane of a mitochondrion |
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| (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) an organic molecule that serves as an electron carrier by being oxidized to NAD+ and reduced to NADPH |
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| the reduced form of NAD+: an electron-carrying molecule that functions in cellular respiration |
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| a four-carbon compound of Krebs cycle that combines with acetyl CoA to form citric acid |
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| the three-carbon compound that is produced during glycosis and needed for both the aerobic and anaerobic pathways of cellular respiration that follow glycosis |
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