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| Group whose main focus is to influence public policy |
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| Cooperative relationships between citizens to resolve collective action problems |
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| Form small scale associations for public good |
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| Not one interest Group has all the political power |
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| Interest Group form to counteract the efforts of another group |
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| Public policies come from exchanges among political actors |
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| Population Ecology Theory |
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| life of a political organization is conditional on the density and diversity of the interest group population in a given area |
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organization that seeks a collective good that will nt selectively and materially benefit group members.
i.e. NRA, NARAL |
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Primary purpose is promoting the financial interests of its members
i.e. AFL, CIO, NAM |
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| funds designated by an appropriations bill for a particular purpose within a state or congressional district. |
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| Political Action Committee |
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Federally regulated, officially resgistered fund-raising committee that represents interest groups.
i.e. Emily's List: founded to support pro-choice democratic women |
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1830s-1870: charitable organizations assisting the poor, mostly middle class
American Anti-Slavery Society
Single-Issue: Prohibition and Railroads most effective |
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Interest groups representative who seeks to influence legislation that will benefit his or her organization or client through political persuasion.
Target bureaucrat agencies & president |
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| Industrialization Era (1860s-early 1900s) |
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| group membership began to cross lines, and establish economic groups such s trade unions & employer organizations. |
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| Progressive Era (1920-1950) |
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| Emergence of professional association & promotional groups embrace progressively larger segments of population. |
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| Group that represents a specific industry. |
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| expansion of civil rights in groups in the 1960s. Development of religious groups |
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| Evolution of New Business |
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| based lobbyists to keep them apprised of legislation that may affect them, or to lobby bureacrats for government contracts. |
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| Declining Power of organized labor |
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| Began to be a potent political force. Became able to turn out its members in support of particular political candidates. |
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| activities of a group or organization that seeks to influence legislation and persuade political leaders to support their group's position. |
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| Recruiting and endorsing candidates, get out the vote efforts, rating candidates & office holders, establish PACs, LObbying Disclosure Act(1995)/Federal Regulation Lobby |
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| What makes a group successful |
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| Good leadership, funding, |
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| potential members fail to join a group b/c they can get the benefits w/o contributing the effort. |
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Something of value that cannot be with-held from a non-member of a group.
i.e. a tax write-off or a better environment |
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| Lobbying Disclosure Act (1995), Honest Leadership and Open Government Act(2007)(2007), Executive Branch Regulation, Ethics and Gov't Act |
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| Honest Leadership and Open Gov't Act |
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| Lobbying reform banning gifts to members of Congress and their staffs, toughening disclosure requirements, and increasing time limits on moving from the federal government to the private sector. |
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| Lobbying Disclosure Act (1995) |
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| you have to report everything you get as an official |
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| Ethics in Gov't Act (1978) |
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| curtail questionable moves by barring members of the executive branch from representing any clients before their agency for one year after leaving governmental service. |
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