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Chordates Test
N/A
24
Biology
10th Grade
04/13/2011

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Term
Chordata
Definition
Invertebrates-tunicates and lancelets; have notochord, gill slits
Vertebrates-fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals; internal bony skeleton: backbone encasing spinal column, skull-encased brain; deuterostome
Term
Fish
Definition
Body structure: bony & cartilaginous skeleton, jaws & paired appendages (fins), scales; body function: gills for gas exchange, two-chambered heart, single loop blood circulation, ectotherms; reproduction: external fertilization, external development in aquatic egg
Term
Amphibians
Definition
Body structure: legs (tetrapods), moist skin; body function: lungs (positive pressure) & diffusion through skin for gas exchange, three-chambered heart (veins from lungs back to heart), ectotherms; reproduction: external fertilization, external development in aquatic egg, metamorphosis
Term
Reptiles
Definition
Body structure: dry skin, scales, armor; body function: lungs for gas exchange, thoracic breathing, negative pressure, three-chambered heart, ectotherms; reproduction-internal fertilization, external development in amniotic egg
Term
Birds
Definition
Body structure-feathers & wings, thin, hollow bone, flight skeleton; body function: very efficient luungs & air sacs, four-chambered heart, endotherms; reproduction: internal fertilization, external development in amniotic egg
Term
Mammals
Definition
Body structure: hair, specialized teeth; body function: lungs, diaphragm, negative pressure, four-chambered heart, endotherms; reproduction: internal fertilization, internal development in uterus, nourishment through placenta, birth live young, mammary glands make milk
Term
Monotremes
Definition
Egg-laying mammals; lack placenta & true nipples; duckbilled platypus, echinda
Term
Marsupials
Definition
Pouched mammals-offspring feed from nipples in pouch; short-lived placenta; koala, kangaroo, opossum
Term
Placental
Definition
True placenta-nutrient & waste filter; shrews, bats, whales, humans
Term
Name the six living chordate groups
Definition
Nonvertebrate chordates, fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals
Term
3 features vertebrates need to control body temperature
Definition
1. A source of heat for the body 2. A way to conserve heat 3. A method of eliminating excess heat when necessary
Term
Endotherm
Definition
An animal whose body temperature is controlled from within; high metabolic rates that generate a significant amount of heat; have feathers, body fat, or hair for insulation; cools off by panting or sweating
Term
Ectotherm
Definition
An animal whose body temperature is mainly determined by the temperature of its environment; low metabolic rate; easily lose heat to the environment; warm up by basking in the sun; reptiles fishes, and amphibians
Term
Vertebrates that typically have short digestive tracts that produce enzymes
Definition
Carnivores
Term
Alveoli
Definition
Bubblelike structures in the lungs that provide an enormous surface area for gas exchange
Term
Chordates that use gills have what type of circulatory system?
Definition
Single-loop circulatory system
Term
Where is blood carried in first loop? Second loop?
Definition
Between the heart and lungs; between the heart and body
Term
In vertebrates with gills, the heart consists of how many chambers?
Definition
Two
Term
Which chordate eliminates nitrogenous wastes as urea?
Definition
Mammals
Term
Part of the brain that controls the function of many internal organs.
Definition
Medulla oblongata
Term
Vertebrate evolution shows general trend from internal fertilization to external fertilization.
Definition
False
Term
Ovoviviparous
Definition
Eggs develop internally and the embryos receive nutrients from the yolk surrounding them
Term
Notochord
Definition
Flexible, supporting structure
Term
Adaptive Radiation
Definition
The rapid diversification of species as they adapt to new conditions
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