Term
|
Definition
Muscarinic Antagonist
long duration of action
Belladona alkaloid
Clinical use:
parkinson's disease
mydriasis
cycloplegia
acute rhinitis
preoperative medication
hyperactive carotid sinus syndrome
vagal-induced heart block
parathion/mushroom poisioning |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Muscarinic Antagonist
long duration of action
belladona alkaloid
Clinical use:
parkinson's disease
mydriasis
cycloplegia
acute rhinitis
preoperative medication
motion sickness (b/c has best CNS vs. peripheral effects) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Muscarinic Antagonist
-short duration of action
Clinical use:
parkinson's disease
mydriasis
cycloplegia
acute rhinitis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Muscarinic Antagonist
Clinical use:
parkinson's disease
mydriasis
cycloplegia
acute rhinitis
asthma/COPD |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Muscarinic Antagonist
Clinical use:
parkinson's disease
mydriasis
cycloplegia
acute rhinitis
asthma/COPD |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Muscarinic Antagonist
Clinical use:
parkinson's disease
mydriasis
cycloplegia
acute rhinitis
overactive bladder or urge incontinence (from detrusor overactivity or instability) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Muscarinic Antagonist
Clinical use:
parkinson's disease
mydriasis
cycloplegia
acute rhinitis
overactive bladder or urge incontinence (from detrusor overactivity or instability) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Muscarinic Antagonist
Clinical use:
parkinson's
mydriasis
cycloplegia
acute rhinitis
overactive bladder or urge incontinence (from detrusor overactivity or instability) |
|
|
Term
| what's the MOA for muscarinic antagonists? |
|
Definition
| competitive, reversible muscarinic blockers |
|
|
Term
| what's the order of blockade for muscarinic antagonists? |
|
Definition
| salivary, bronchial, sweat glands--> iris, ciliary m., heart-->bladder, gut-->gastric acid secretion |
|
|
Term
| what's the problem in using muscarinic antagonists to treat ulcers? |
|
Definition
| need high [ ]; too many side effects |
|
|
Term
| what drugs cause mydirasis? |
|
Definition
| Tropicamide; alpha1 agonist |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
lens is fixed for far vision
-muscarinic receptors on ciliary m. are blocked and prevent ciliary m. from contracting |
|
|
Term
| How can muscarinic antaognists be used for acute rhinitis? |
|
Definition
blocks muscarinic recpetors on nasopharyngeal glands and decreases secretion in the respiratory tract
(alpha1 agonist used for nasal congestion; reduced swelling; won't dry up secretions) |
|
|
Term
| what is the advantage of using ipratropium bromide as opposed to atropine? |
|
Definition
| won't be absorbed as well (because it's charged) so will have less systemic side effects |
|
|
Term
| Why would ipratropium bromide be used in COPD/asthma patients? |
|
Definition
| blocks muscarinic receptors and thus causes bronchodilation |
|
|
Term
| Would a B2 agonist or ipratropium bromide be better for asthma? |
|
Definition
| may have minimal bronchoconstriction from PS activity so ipratropium bromide < B2 agonist |
|
|
Term
| would a B2 agonist or ipratropium bromide be better for COPD? |
|
Definition
ipratropium bromide=B2 agonist because may have significant PS mediated bronchoconstriction
Advantages of Ipratropium bromide:
-increase in cholinergic tone is a major reversible component of COPD
-usually less side effects than beta agonists (beta agonists would raise bp, etc) |
|
|
Term
| Which drug affects the brain the most and thus tends to be used most often? |
|
Definition
scopolamine
scopolamine > atropine
-therapeutic doses of scopolamine can cause CNS depression-drowsiness, amnesia, fatigue, dreamless sleep |
|
|
Term
| what's the advantage of using atropine versus something that would increase HR (e.g. Epi)? |
|
Definition
| potentially less side effects (e.g. BP, etc) |
|
|
Term
| Atropine has no effect on ventricular arrhythmias. Why? |
|
Definition
| few M receptors in the ventricles |
|
|
Term
| How does scopolamine prevent motion sickeness? |
|
Definition
| vestibular apparatus--> M receptor in medulla (vomit center); blocks the M receptor and thus prevents motion sickness |
|
|
Term
| What drug class has contraindication of dry as a bone, blind as a bat, red as a beet, mad as a hatter? |
|
Definition
muscarinic anatagonist
can get CNS toxicities:
-sedation or excitement
-disorientation, memory disturbances, dizziness, restlessness, hallucinations, delirium, confusion
scopolamine>atropine>>>>ipratropium |
|
|
Term
| what is narrow angle glacuoma a contraindication for? |
|
Definition
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