Term
What is the MOA of Cholinoceptor-Blocking Drugs?
AKA: Receptor antagonists at the NMJ, ganglionic blockers and muscarinic receptor antagaonists |
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Definition
| Competitive reversible muscarinic receptor antagonist. |
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Term
| Which Anti-Muscarinic Drugs have ophthalmic uses? |
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Definition
1. homatropine
2. tropicamide
*used as mydriatic (dialator) in diagnostic procedures |
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Term
| Which Anti-Muscarinic Drugs treat urinary incontinence? |
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Definition
1. oxybutynin (lipophilic--cross BBB)
2. tolteridone and prodrug fesoteridone (selective for M3 receptor) |
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Term
| Which Anti-Muscarinic Drugs treat neurologically induced dystonia and Parkinson's? |
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Definition
1. benztropine
2. trihexphenidyl |
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Term
| Which Anti-Muscarinic Drugs work as a bronchodilator for COPD? |
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Definition
1. ipratropium (blocks M1,2,3)
2. tiotropium (blocks M1,3)
* M2 block may compromise bronchodialator effect; therefore, titropium superior |
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Term
| Which Anti-Muscarinic Drugs are used preanasthesia to reduce secretions? |
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Definition
1. glycopyrrolate
2. atropine |
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Term
| Which Anti-Muscarinic Drugs are naturally occuring plant alkaloids? |
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Definition
1. atropine
2. scopolamine |
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Term
| What are the effects of the anti-muscarinic drug Atropine on the heart, GI tract, and GU tract? |
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Definition
1.Vagolytic (heart)
*blocking M2 receptors on SA node leading to tachicardia
*shortens refractory period at AV node
*component of asystole, pulseless electric activity, and bradycardia
2. GI Tract
*reduce secretions
*antidiarrheal
3. GU tract
*ureter and bladder smooth muscle relax
*urinary retention can precipitate |
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Term
| What s the effect of Atropine as a function of administered dose (from low dose to high)? |
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Definition
*slight cardiac slowing, mouth dryness, inhibition of sweating,
**thirst, acceleration of HR, mild pupil dilation
***tachycardia, dilation, near blurred vision
****difficulty speaking and swallowing, hot skin
*****hallucinations, delirium, excitement, ataxia |
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Term
| What is the MOA of antimuscarinic drugs when used for motion sickness (when vestibular nuclei receive conflicting cues predisposing to motion sickness)? |
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Definition
| Inhibition of transmission in the vestibular nuclei by anticholinergic drugs. |
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Term
| ____ is a transdermally absorbed antimuscarinic drug used to treat motion sickness. |
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Definition
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Term
| Antihistimines are H1 receptor antagonists thta can be used to treat motion sickness, list 3. |
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Definition
1. Diphenhydramine (Benedril)
2. Dimenhydramine
3. Meclizine |
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Term
| What are the general side effects of antichoinergic drugs? |
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Definition
*inhibition of salivary secretions (dry mouth)
*blurred vision and mydriasis
*consitpation
*tachycardia
*if lipophilic enough to cross into CNS could cause agitation, confusion, hallucination
*may increase risk of dementia |
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Term
| What is the role of anticholinergic agents in COPD? |
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Definition
*reduce COPD exacerbations
*reduce hopitalization frequency
*produces modest benefit in improving lung function but wears off upon drug discontinuation |
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Term
What are the symptoms of anticholinergic poisoning?
What is the treatment? |
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Definition
*red as a beet
*dry as a bone
*hot as a hare
*mad as a hatter
*full as a flask
*tachycardia is earliest and most detectable
**treatment is GI decon using activated charcoal
**antidote Physostigmine (cholinesterase inhibitor) |
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