Term
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Definition
Class: Muscarinic agonist, cholinergic
Mechanism: direct agonist of muscarinic receptors
Indications: open angle glaucoma (topical), hypofunctioning salivary glands
Adverse Effects: PSNS activated related, cardiac arrythmias |
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Term
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Definition
Class: Muscarinic agonist, cholinergic
Mechanism: direct agonist muscarinic
Indication: urinary retention (helps to void), GE reflux
Contraindications: CV disease, respiratory disorder, peptic ulcer disease
Adverse effects: PSNS activation
Drug interactions: beta-blockers |
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Term
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Definition
Class: muscarinic agonist, cholinergic
Mechanism: direct agonist muscarinic
Indication: bronchoprovocation testing (inhalation only)
Contraindication: CV disease, respiratory disorder, peptic ulcer disease
Adverse Effects: PSNS activation
Drug interactions: beta-blockers |
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Term
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Definition
Class: muscarinic antagonist, anti-cholinergic
Mechanism: direct antagonist muscarinic
Indications: AChE poisoning, preop inhibition of salivation/secretions, paillary dilation
Adverse effects: dry mouth, hyperthermia, exacerbation of glaucoma, increased risk of VF/MI, urinary retention, constipation, confusion, delirium, depression |
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Term
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Definition
Class: muscarinic antagonist, anti-cholinergic
Mechanism: antagonist of muscarinic, more lipophilic = better CNS penetration; blocks commmunication between vestibular and center for nausea/vomit
Indication: motion sickness (patch)
Contraindication: elderly, cognitively impaired, glaucoma
Adverse effects: dry mouth, blurred vision, sedation; high dose - confusion, psychosis |
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Term
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Definition
Class: muscarinic antagonist, anti-cholinergic
Mechanism: antagonist at muscarinic
Indication: asthma
Adverse effects: hot flushed skin, blurred vision, dry mouth, agitation, delirium, urinary retention, constipation |
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Term
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Definition
Class: muscarinic antagonist, anti-cholinergic
Mechanism: antagonist at muscarinic; less absorbed than atropine; inhaler/nebulizer form
Indication: COPD, occassionaly asthma
Adverse Effects; few due to low absorption, toxic dose may cause HYPOtension and muscle weakness |
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Term
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Definition
Class: muscarinic antagonist, anti-cholinergic
Mechanism: seletively acting antimuscarinic in bladder
Indiation: urinary frequency
Adverse Effects: dry mouth, hypethermia, exacerbation of glaucoma, increased risk of VF/MI |
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Term
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Definition
Class: muscarinic antagonist, anti-cholinergic
Mechanism: M3 antagonist
Indication: overactive bladder (esp. elderly)
Contraindication: glaucoma
Adverse effects: dry mouth, constipation |
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Term
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Definition
Class: muscarinic antagonist, anti-cholinergic
Mechanism: anti-muscarinic, balance DA and ACh activity in basal ganglia by reducing ACh effect
Indication: Parkinson's disease, drug-induced extrpyramidal symptoms
Contraindications: elderly, cognitively impaired, glaucoma
Adverse Effects: dry mouth, blurred vision, constipation, nausea, urinary retention, impaired sweating, tachycardia, confusion |
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Term
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Definition
Class: cholinergic
Mechanism: AChE inhibitor, increases [ACh] and helps compete off antagonistic effects
Indications: over-use of anti-muscarinics in elderly or cognitively impaired |
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Term
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Definition
Class: nicotinic agonist, cholinergic
Mechanism: nicotinic agonist
Indications: various preparations for smoking cessation
Adverse effects: tolerance, physical dependence, withdrawal (irritability, anxiety, dysphoria, difficulty conc., restlessness, decreased heart rate, increased appetite) |
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Term
varenicline
(pharmacokinetics) |
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Definition
Class: nicotinic agonist, cholinergic
Mechanism: alpha4beta2 receptor partial agonist that binds in CNS; low to moderate DA release, blocks binding of nicotine
Indication: smoking cessation
Pharmacokinetics: half-life 24hrs, excreted in urine
Adverse effects: nausea, headache, abnormal dreams, constipation, vomiting, mood changes (depression, suicide) |
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Term
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Definition
Class: nicotinic agonist, cholinergic
Mechanism: not clear; some nicotinic agonist action; weak NET/DAT inhibition, increase DA and NE in cleft
Indication: depression, smoking cessation
Adverse effects: delayed effect, lowered seizure threshold
Drug interactions: MAO-I (potential HTN crisis) |
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Term
| hexamethonium (mecamylamine) |
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Definition
Class: Nicotinic antagonist, anti-cholinergic
Mechanism: block nicotinic ACh receptor channel, results in paralysis of entire ANS
Indications: (in past HTN), dissecting aortic aneurysms, autonomic hyperreflexia, control hemorrhage during surgery, Tourette's (mecamylamine)
Adverse effects: HYPOtension, decreased perspiration, tachycardia, blurred vision, constipation, urinary retention, dry mouth |
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Term
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Definition
Class: nicotinic antagonist, anti-cholinergic
Mechanism: competitive antagonist at nicotinic receptors of NMJ
Indication: induce paralysis in major surgeries
Adverse effects: fall in arterial BP |
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Term
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Definition
Class: nicotinic antagonist, anti-cholinergic
Mechanism: depolarizing blockade at nicotinic receptor
Indication: paralysis during surgery
Adverse effects: muscle soreness, potential for hyperkalemia (esp. burn pt and motor de-innervated pt) |
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Term
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Definition
Class: indirect cholinergic antagonist, anti-cholinergic
Mechanism: blocks release of ACh by blocking vesicle-membrane fusion in presynatpic cell
Indication: dystonias, cerebral palsy, spasm of ocular muscle, anal fissures, hyperhidrosis, cosmetics
Adverse effects: blurred/double vision, dysphagia, generalized muscle weakness, respiratory effects |
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